1848 Flashcards
What was the Quadruple Alliance?
An alliance between Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
To fashion a general peace settlement after the defeat of Napoleon
What was the “congress system”?
The Quadruple Alliance agreeing to meet periodically to discuss common interests and to consider appropriate measures for maintaining peace in Europe
Dual Revolution
A term used by historian Eric Hobsbawn for the economical and political changes that tended to fuse and reinforce each other after 1815
What was the Holy Alliance?
An alliance formed by the conservative rulers of Russia, Austria, and Prussia in September 1815 that became a symbol of the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements all over Europe
What was the German Confederation?
A confederation made of 38 independent German states including Prussia and Austria which the peace settlement of Vienna called into being
Carlsbad Decrees
Issued in 1819, they were designed to uphold Metternich’s conservatism, requiring German states to root out subversive ideas and squelch liberal organizations
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Austrian Empire?
Strength: large population and vast territories
Weakness: many potentially dissatisfied nationalities in the empire
Define liberalism, nationalism, and socialism
liberalism: equality and liberty, demands representative governments and equality before the law and individual freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, etc
nationalism: each people had its own genius and unity manifested in a common language/history, and often desire an independent state.
socialism: a backlash against individualism, move toward cooperation and a sense of community, key ideas were: economic planning, greater economic equality, state regulation of property
What is laissez-faire?
doctrine of economic liberalism that believes in unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy
Who was Charles Fourier?
Man who envisioned a socialist utopia of mathematically precise, self-sufficient communities made up of 1620 people. He supported the emancipation of women and believed in the abolition of marriage, free unions based on love, and sexual freedom
Describe the philosophy of Karl Marx
it united sociology, economics, and all of human history in a vast edifice. He synthesized his socialism French utopian schemes and English classical economics and German philosophies
German brothers who wrote the fairy tales
Grimm brothers
This statesman opposed the Greek try of independence from Turkey
Metternich
French romantic writer, Les Mis, Hunchback of Notre Dame
Victor Hugo
