18.1 Population genetics

Question 1

What is a population

Answer 1

A group of individuals of the same species in the same place at the same time

Question 2

What is a gene pool

Answer 2

All the alleles of all the genes of all the individuals in the population at a given time

Question 3

What is allele frequency

Answer 3

The number of times an allele can occur in a gene pool

Question 4

What is the Hardy Weinberg principal

Answer 4

Mathematical equation that is used to calculate allele frequencies of a particular gene in a population

Question 5

What assumptions does it make

Answer 5

It assumes that the proportion of dominant and recessive alleles of any gene in a population remains the same from one generation to the next

Question 6

What conditions are required for the Hardy - Weinburg principal to work

Answer 6

. No mutations arise

. The population is isolated, so there is not a flow of alleles in and out of the population

. There is no selection, so all alleles are equally likely to be passed down to the next generation

. The population is large

. Mating in the population is random

Question 7

What is the formula to calculate the principal

Two parts to it

Answer 7

So if there is a gene with two alleles, and A is dominant so is P, and a is recessive so is q

p + q =1.0
Because if there are only two alleles, the probability of one plus the other must add up to 100%

Of the two alleles A and a, there are only 4 possible arrangements of them:
AA, Aa, aA and aa
So all of these can add to make 1
P^2 + 2pq + q^2