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Gross Anatomy Unit 3 > 18: TMJ and Mastication > Flashcards

18: TMJ and Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is it?

A

modified hinge synovial joint

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2
Q

part of mandible that articulates with temporal bone

A

condyle

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3
Q

part of temporal bone where mandible fits in

A

mandibular fossa aka glenoid fossa

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4
Q

articular eminence

A

mandible slides over it when opening wide

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5
Q

articular tubercle

A

helps to prevent anterior dislocation of TMJ

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6
Q

post-glenoid tubercle

A

helps to prevent posterior dislocation of the TMJ

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7
Q

joint capsule

A

covers joint cavity; thin and loose, allows for wide range of motion

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8
Q

articular disc

A

unique!
fibrocartilaginous biconcave disc which separates the joint cavity into two synovial compartments - superior and inferior synovial compartments - permits a wider range of motion

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9
Q

inferior synovial compartment

A

hinge like action: head/condylar process of the mandible rotates against the articular disc

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10
Q

superior synovial compartment

A

gliding motion: articular disc against mandibular fossa

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11
Q

lateral/temporomandibular ligament

A

thickening of lateral part of TMJ articular capsule - gives it lateral strength. w/ the post glenoid tubercle, it helps to prevent posterior dislocation

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12
Q

sphenomandibular ligament

A
  • accessory ligament
  • goes from spine of sphenoid bone to lingula of mandible
  • limits distension in an inferior direction
  • protects inferior alveolar nerve/vasculature passing through mandibular foramen
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13
Q

stylomandibular ligament

A
  • weakest and least protective of TMJ ligaments
  • limits excessive opening (inferior distension and protrusion) of mandible
  • a specialized, reinforced band of cervical fascia
  • styloid process to angle of mandible
  • boundary b/w parotid and submandibular salivary glands
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14
Q

condylodiscal ligaments

A
  • intrascapular support structures at medial and lateral poles of mandibular condyles (blend in with connective tissue of the articular disc)
  • help keep proper alignment of TMJ articular disc w/ condyle
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15
Q

muscles of mastication

A

lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
temporalis
masseter

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16
Q

accessory muscles of mastication

A 
digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
infrahyoid muscles
etc...
17
Q

translation of the TMJ

A

occurs in the superior synovial compartment - condylar head glides over the articular eminence

18
Q

depression

A

opening of mouth; mediated by lateral pterygoid, gravity, suprahyoid and infrahyoid mm.

gliding/rotational movement by both condyles

19
Q

elevation

A

closing of mouth; mediated by temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

gliding/rotational movement by both condyles

20
Q

protrusion/protraction

A

anterior gliding movement of both condyles/the TMJ

mediated by lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid (assists), masseter superficial head (assists)

21
Q

retrusion/retraction

A

posterior gliding movement of both condyles/the TMJ

mediated by temporalis m (posterior/horizontal fibers), masseter deep head (assists)

22
Q

lateral deviation

A

side to side grinding and chewing motions - different actions at each condyle

mediated by unilateral action of any of the four muscles of mastication; i.e. unilateral (movement on one side) action of the lateral pterygoid results in mandibular deviation to the contralateral (opposite) side

23
Q

blood supply to TMJ

A

primarily: superficial temporal a.

contributions from: deep auricular a. and anterior tympanic a.

24
Q

there is no vascular supply or sensory innervation to the

A

central portion of the articular disc of the TJM

otherwise there would be bleeding and pain every time we used our jaw!

25
Q

innervation of TMJ

A

sensory: auriculotemporal n. and masseteric n. (both branches of V3)

26
Q

anterior dislocation

A

most common
condyle goes anterior to articular eminence
results from holding mouth open too wide for too long

27
Q

posterior dislocation

A

condyle pushed posteriorly toward mastoid process
extreme: damage to external auditory meatus
results from blow to jaw

28
Q

lateral dislocation

A

condylar head moves lateral and superior, into the temporal space
result of sideways blow

29
Q

superior dislocation

A

direct blow to partially opened mouth
upward migration of condylar head
can lead to facial nerve palsy, cerebral contusion, or deafness

30
Q

TMD

A

temporomandibular disorders - can involve connective tissue, bone, or muscle

can result from trauma, bruxism, malocclusion, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, and degenerative joint disease (ankylosis - fusing of bones, osteoarthritis), among others

Gross Anatomy Unit 3 (4 decks)

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