1.8 Methods and Aids to Pollution Prevention (Challenge Questions)

Question 1

Give a few examples of circumstances where ‘dumping’ is justified. In such circumstances, what caution should be exercised for the dumping?

Answer 1

• Dredged material
• Fish wastes
• Inert. inorganic geological material
• Specific bulky items
• Sewage sludge
• Vessels and platforms or other manmade structures at sea
• Organic material of natural origin
• CO2 streams from CO2 capture processes.

Question 2

Describe the advantages of being party to the London Protocol.

Answer 2

• Contributing to the protection of the marine environment.
• Influencing future regulation in marine environmental protection.
• By protecting the marine environment it benefits, fisheries and tourism.
• Provides a platform for dialogue that makes it easier to access other international bodies and focused information exchanges between States about coastal management issues.

Question 3

What are the main changes brought about by the 1992 Protocol to the CLC?

Answer 3

Widened the scope of the Convention to cover pollution damage caused in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or equivalent area of a State Party.

It also allows expenses incurred for preventive measures to be recovered even when no spill of oil occurs, provided there was grave and imminent threat of pollution damage.

Question 4

What are the general permit specifications?

Answer 4

1. Characteristics (Types)
2. Where and how to deposit (Location)
3. Consideration and conditions (Pollution free)

Question 5

Who can issue permit?

Answer 5

1. Landed in territory which is signatory to Protocol.
2. Loading in unratified country, but permission granted by flag of vessel that is signatory to Protocol.

Question 6

Purpose of CLC

Answer 6

• Ensures adequate compensation available to person who suffers oil damage - Maritime casualties
• Places liability on ship owners.