Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Computer Science Paper 1 (OCR) > 1.8 Ethical, Legal, Cultural and Environmental Concerns COMPLETE > Flashcards

1.8 Ethical, Legal, Cultural and Environmental Concerns COMPLETE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define legislation

A

The law which has been created by acts of Parliament.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988) do?

A

Protects files from being copied and makes it illegal for them to be used for commercial purposes without permission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 offences of the Computer Misuse Act (1990)?

A

Unauthorised:

1) Access to computer material.
2) Access with intent to commit further offences.
3) Modification of a computer / programs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Data Protection Act (1998) do?

A

Prevents the misuse of your personal info (must be processed fairly and lawfully).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define data subject

A

A person who has data stored about them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define data controller

A

A person, company or organisation who decides how the personal data will be stored and processed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Creative Commons Licensing do?

A

Allows others to use work that is copyrighted, but with conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the problem with higher-skill jobs?

A

It makes low-skill workers unemployed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the digital divide?

A

Not everyone in the world has access to technology and the Internet - some people being able to afford and others not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name a cultural implication of Computer Science

A

The digital divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give 2 examples of the environmental impact of Computer Science

A

Any 2 points from: computers use large quantities of raw materials and energy - some of these are finite resources and we are running out of sources of them. disposing of old computer equipment is costly to the environment (toxic metals i.e. cadmium and lead) and disposing of these incorrectly causes pollution including groundwater pollution from landfill. Electricity supply - more tech - mode need, more power stations/sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Open Source Software?

A

1) Software which users can modify or distribute.
2) Can be installed on any number of computers.
3) Users have access to the source code to further modify and develop the software.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Proprietary Software?

A

1) Software which users can’t modify as it’s protected by Copyright Design & Patents Act and users do not have access to the source code.
2) Usually paid for and licensed per user or per computer.
3) Usually restricts the number of users or machines that the software can be installed on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a stakeholder?

A

Anyone with an interest in an issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cultural implications does online shopping have?

A

High street closing, more isolation, lots more delivery drivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As as a result of recent developments in technology, we have become more/less dependent on tech

A

more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does family/peer pressure mean in terms of cultural implications of Computer Science?

A

Pressure put on you to buy things/stay up to date with the latest technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Family/peer pressure can lead to d___

A

debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Increased use of devices has lead to an increase/decrease in the time people spend with their family.

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an disadvantage of open source software?

A

There is no support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List 3 of the rules from the Data Protection Act (1998)

A

Personal information must be… (any 3 from): fairly and lawfully processed, processed for limited purposes, adequate, relevant and not excessive, accurate and updated, not be kept for longer than necessary, processed in line with the data subjects’ rights, secure and not be transferred to other countries without adequate protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988) protect?

A

Intellectual property such as ideas, music, software and written material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Computer scientists must obey laws and act in ways that are considered…

A

moral and good by society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ethics describe guidelines for computer users to follow whereas the law describes…

A

rules that computer users must obey to prevent misuse of computer systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ethical principles can be applied anywhere in the world - they are not restricted to national legislation whereas laws…

A

may vary from country to country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It is immoral not to follow ethical code but it is not a crime, whereas it is _______ to not follow laws

A

illegal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Computer users must/should/could follow the law or face prosecution

A

Must

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Computer science technologies have had a significant/insignificant effect on the ways in which people live, work and relate to each other

A

significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a stakeholder?

A

A person or group of people who own or have an interest in a business or organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Give 3 stakeholders in a school

A

Any 3 from students, teachers and other employees, parents, local community and the local authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

We are/are not all stakeholders in the society in which we live

A

are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

As stakeholders of the society we live in, do we have rights from it?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

As stakeholders of the society we live in, do we have duties/responsibilities to it?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The whole population of the world are/are not stakeholders in computer science technologies

A

are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

True/False: All stakeholders have responsibilities to use computer equipment ethically and not use it to harm others

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

True/False: All stakeholders do not have responsibilities to protect the environment and dispose of old equipment in the correct way

A

False, they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Do stakeholders have rights to share in the benefits of using computer equipment?

A

Yes, but not all of them do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does the digital divide describe?

A

The gap between the digital ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’, where the ‘have-nots’ have poor or no access to technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Give causes of the digital divide

A

Any 2 from lack of access to broadband, being unable to afford to access it and low IT literacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

True/False: Mobile technology allows wider communication as it is not restricted to expensive infrastructure (fixed telephone lines)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Give 2 examples of mobile communications

A

Any 2 from voice, text and media messages, video conferencing, emails, social networking, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

True/False: Social networking sites allow people to communicate wherever they are to instantly publish personal thoughts and ideas

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

True/False: Social networking sites allow people to communicate wherever they are to campaign on social and political issues

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

True/False: Social networking sites allow people to communicate wherever they are to share images, videos and music with friends and family all over the world

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The interconnection of people across the world is called:

A

globalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Developments in computer science technologies have had a huge/small impact on people’s access to information and the interconnection of people across the world

A

huge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Give 2 benefits of retailers being able to sell from an online store

A

Any 2 from there is no need to maintain a high street presence, they can target customers all over the world, customers can buy online from retailers anywhere in the world, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How have computer technologies impacted entertainment?

A

They have allowed a hugely expanded range of digital television channels, streaming and video services and home entertainment systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Remote access allows…

A

Collaborative online working and sharing files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Give an impact that having good broadband has on home working practices

A

Any from less need for office space, less time wasted travelling to place of work and more flexible working hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

True/False: Top games can earn more than blockbuster films

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

How can computers be used in education?

A

For research, teaching, assessment and management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Give 2 examples of ways computers can be used in education

A

Any 2 from interactive whiteboards, virtual learning environments, ebook versions of textbooks and computerised administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What does VLE stand for?

A

Virtual Learning Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

True/False: Computers do not improve the efficiency of the running of educational establishments

A

False, they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Developments in computer science technologies have had a major/minor impact on medicine

A

major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Give an example of a development in technology that has impacted medicine

A

Any from modern health care makes use of full body scanners for diagnosis of cancer and heart disease, DNA analysis is used to screen for genetic disorders, online patient records make it easier for different health professionals to share information, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

True/False: Computer science technologies only have a negative impact on the environment

A

False, the impact they on the environment is both positive and negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

True/False: Vast amounts of energy are consumed in production and assembly of computer equipment

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

True/False: Small amounts of energy are consumed in functioning of equipment

A

False, vast amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

True/False: Vast amounts of energy are consumed in online data storage in data centres

A

True

62
Q

True/False: Small amounts of energy are consumed in recycling of equipment

A

False, vast amounts

63
Q

Give an example of how smarter technologies help to protect the environemnt

A

Light sensors that turn off lights when they are needed, route planners that reduce fuel consumption, etc

64
Q

True/False: No energy is used to run and cool servers used for online storage

A

False, energy is used

65
Q

Why are many servers now located in countries such as Norway?

A

They have cool climates and cheap, sustainable energy supplied from hydroelectricity

66
Q

Satellite navigation helps drivers choose the ________ routes

A

Quickest

67
Q

What is e-waste?

A

Waste created by electronic devices

68
Q

What is the problem with e-waste being illegally dumped in landfill sites?

A

Toxic waste substances can get into the land and water

69
Q

Give an example of a toxic waste substance

A

Any from lead, mercury or cobalt

70
Q

True/False: All computer components can be recycled and reused

A

False, many computer components cannot be recycled or reused

71
Q

True/False: Millions of tonnes of e-waste are dumped in developing countries every year

A

True

72
Q

True/False: Illegal tipping of e-waste causes health problems around the world

A

True

73
Q

True/False: Digital Devices contain over 60 different elements, which there are an abundance of

A

False, digital devices contain over 60 different elements - of which many are short in supply

74
Q

True/False: Most energy used comes from non-renewable resources - fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil

A

True

75
Q

True/False: Computers help us develop and produce new sustainable materials and technologies (such as development of new energy sources)

A

True

76
Q

True/False: Paper communication reduces the number of trees cut down

A

False, paperless communication such as email reduces the number of trees cut down

77
Q

How can sustainability and e-waste issues be addressed?

A

By recycling or reusing old devices

78
Q

Give a way that old devices can be recycled

A

Any from elements can be extracted and reused, some components can be reused, unwanted items can be donated to poorer countries, etc

79
Q

Computer science allows us to monitor and study the environment and better __________ how it works and how we affect it

A

understand

80
Q

As a result of computing developments, experts from all fields can _____ research to develop better and smarter solutions

A

share

81
Q

True/False: Instant communication is a detriment to business processes

A

False, it speeds them up

82
Q

True/False: Devices kept on standby or sleep mode consume large amounts of energy

A

True

83
Q

Computer science technologies have made it possible to monitor the movement and communication of some/most/all citizens

A

all

84
Q

How do mobile phone service providers monitor where you are?

A

They keep records of calls and texts that are sent and received. The location of a phone can be tracked 24/7

85
Q

How is the location of a phone tracked 24/7?

A

By comparing the phone’s signal strength from different phone masts

86
Q

How can passports monitor where you are?

A

They are scanned at airports and immigration checkpoints when we travel abroad so that our movements in and out of different countries are monitored

87
Q

True/False: Britain has the largest network of surveillance cameras in Europe. People can be tracked in most cities

A

True

88
Q

What does ANPR stand for?

A

Automatic Number Plate Recognition

89
Q

ANPR makes it possible to…

A

track all road vehicles automatically

90
Q

What can surveillance cameras help do?

A

Deter crime and antisocial acts and provide evidence in criminal prosecutions

91
Q

There has to be a balance between security and p______

A

privacy

92
Q

True/False: Online activity is recorded and used by internet service providers

A

True

93
Q

True/False: All items of browsing history can be monitored and used for targeted advertising

A

True

94
Q

What kind of data and items of browsing history can be used for targeted advertising?

A

Things such as any searches, followed links and items bought online

95
Q

Social networking sites store a vast/small amount of information about our movements, communications, habits and activities

A

vast

96
Q

True/False: We don’t need to worry about what we post on social networking sites

A

False: care should be taken about what is posted on these sites

97
Q

Geotagging from photographs posted online can be used to…

A

monitor movements

98
Q

Legislation safeguards users’ online privacy and security and prevents…

A

the misuse of data

99
Q

What does the Data Protection Act relate to?

A

All personal data held by organisations, in paper or electronic form

100
Q

True/False: Data related to the data protection act is only data in electronic form

A

False, it can be in paper or electronic form

101
Q

Why was the Data Protection Act put in place?

A

To prevent misuse of personal data

102
Q

Under the Data Protection Act, companies holding our data are required by law to… (give 3)

A

Any 3 from keep it secure, not to ask for more data than necessary, not to keep any data longer than necessary, to keep data accurate and up to date, not to use the data for any other purpose without our consent

103
Q

Why are there concerns that data submitted online is more vulnerable to misuse?

A

It easier to access data when it is stored online

104
Q

True/False: Many organisations store personal details electronically

A

True

105
Q

Give two examples of when personal details are stored electronically

A

Any 2 from the government, NHS, social networking sites, schools, online retailers, etc

106
Q

Everyone whose data is stored is a ____ _______

A

Data subject

107
Q

Data subjects have the right to: (give 2)

A

Any 2 from inspect and check data held but the organisations can charge for this, demand that incorrect information is amended, demand that the data is not used in anyway that could harm or distress and demand that any data held by the organisation is not used for direct marketing

108
Q

True/False: Data subjects can always check data held by an organisation for free

A

False, some organisations may charge for this

109
Q

With the widespread use of the internet, it is now easier/harder to remotely log into a network and use someone;s computer and steal or corrupt data

A

Easier

110
Q

The Computer Misuse Act has _ levels of crime

A

3

111
Q

Give 2 parts of the Computer Misuse Act

A

Any 2 from no unauthorised access to computer material, no unauthorised modification of computer material and no unauthorised access to a computer with intent

112
Q

What does no unauthorised access to computer material include?

A

Logging into another person’s computer without their permission and stealing documents and programs

113
Q

What does no unauthorised modification of computer material include?

A

Destroying or corrupting a user’s files, modifying system files or creating a virus or other malware

114
Q

What does no unauthorised access to a computer with intent include?

A

Gaining access to financial or administrative records and using the information to commit a further crime

115
Q

Digital systems make it easy to share content, but ____ are needed to ensure that original work is not stolen or misused

A

laws

116
Q

What does the Copyright Designs and Patents Act do?

A

Protects people’s original work from being used without their permission

117
Q

True/False: All original work is copyright, including everything that is freely available to download from the internet

A

True

118
Q

True/False: The person who creates a work automatically owns the copyright and is the only person who has the right to reproduce, adapt or sell it

A

True

119
Q

Creators of inventions can apply for _______ that prevent others from making, using or selling the invention without their permission

A

patents

120
Q

Give 3 examples of original work

A

Any 3 from literature, music, art, films, sound, drama, images, software, etc

121
Q

What does Creative Commons Licensing do?

A

Gives the public permission to share and use work under certain conditions

122
Q

What does the public domain condition under the Creative Commons License mean?

A

There are no restrictions - work can be used without permission or attribution for any purpose

123
Q

What does the attribution commercial licence condition under the Creative Commons License mean?

A

Work can be used, distributed and copied as long as the creator is given credit for having created it

124
Q

What does the attribution non-commercial licence condition under the Creative Commons License mean?

A

Work can be used, distributed and copied for non-commercial purposes with suitable attribution

125
Q

What do Creative Commons Licences give people the right to do?

A

Share, use and build upon a work that an artist musician or writer has created

126
Q

Computer users have a choice of commercially-available software, which has/has not been paid for

A

has

127
Q

Computer users have a choice of open-source software, which is/isn’t free to use

A

is

128
Q

True/False: Proprietary software is commercially produced by an organisation for profit

A

True

129
Q

Give an example of proprietary software

A

Something like Windows, OS X, Microsoft Office, etc

130
Q

True/False: Proprietary software is developed professionally and carefully tested

A

True

131
Q

True/False: With proprietary software there is no support provided to keep customers happy

A

False, there is support provided to keep customers happy so that they will keep using the software

132
Q

True/False: Books, magazine articles and online tutorials can give advice and instruction about proprietary software

A

True

133
Q

True/False: Proprietary software is not updated

A

False

134
Q

True/False: Updates and bug fixes proprietary software meet the needs and suggestions of users

A

True

135
Q

True/False: With proprietary software, user licences apply conditions on the ways the software can be used and distributed

A

True

136
Q

True/False: Source code of proprietary software can be modified by users

A

False, it cannot

137
Q

True/False: The person or organisation who created the proprietary software maintains exclusive control over it

A

True

138
Q

True/False: Proprietary software is developed for specific users’ needs

A

False, it is developed for the majority of users and may not meet individual needs

139
Q

True/False: Proprietary software is free

A

False, it has to be paid for

140
Q

True/False: Support and updates for proprietary software may be expensive

A

True

141
Q

What is open source?

A

Software whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by anyone

142
Q

Give an example of open source software

A

Any from Open Office, Linux, Android, Ubuntu, etc

143
Q

True/False: With open source software, users can study the source code to see how the software works

A

True

144
Q

True/False: With open source software, users cannot change and upgrade the software

A

False, they can

145
Q

True/False: With open source software, under the license, users can pass on the software to other users at a cost

A

False, it is for no charge

146
Q

True/False: Open source software is free to use

A

True

147
Q

True/False: With open source software, users can modify the source code to adapt it to their needs

A

True

148
Q

True/False: With open source software, constant upgrades are available

A

True

149
Q

True/False: With open source software, there is no community of dedicated enthusiasts to provide help and support

A

False, there is a community of dedicated enthusiasts who will provide help and support

150
Q

True/False: Open source software appears as more professional than proprietary software and has a very user-friendly interface

A

False, open-source software may not appear as professional as proprietary software or have such a user friendly interface

151
Q

True/False: With open source software, specialist knowledge may be needed

A

True

GCSE Computer Science Paper 1 (OCR) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions