18: Cybercrime and Cyber-deviance

Question 1

LO 1: Differentiate between cybercrime and cyber deviance, and understand why it is often difficult to separate one from the other both legally and theoretically.

Answer 1

Cybercrime:
- Phishing, ripping, hacking (DDoS), luring, stalking, skimming, spamming, and trafficking

Question 2

Cyberactivities

Answer 2

Any number of tasks carried out by out through a computer and a network connection, including but not limited to internet browsing, email correspondence, online banking, interactive gaming, media downloading or uploading, the use of file transfer protocols, and accessing social media platforms.

Question 3

Examples of cybercrime

Answer 3

• Phishing - misleading or counterfeit interaction with the goal of attaining access to the victim’s personal information (banking information, SIN, etc)
• Ripping - Copying original material by circumventing the copyright protection, usually for the purpose of resale.
  Hacking - Attempt to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures initiated by a website so as to gain access to data for the purpose of stealing it or compromising it through Distributed Denial-of-Service attracts (DDoS), deployment of viruses etc.
• Luring - Using the social media or a chat forum to get children under the age of 16 to commit a sexual act or to meet at a physical location for sexual purposes.
• Stalking
• Spamming
• Skimming - intercept etransmissions containing sensitive information.
• Trafficking

Question 4

Deviant cybercommunities

Answer 4

An online community whose culture and customs would be classified as deviant and delinquent if exported to the offline world, but in which socially abnormal behaviour is accepted and even endorsed in the context of the given digital environment.

Question 5

Paraphilia

Answer 5

The use of unusual objects, situations, processes or people to obtain sexual excitement and channel obsessions or fantasies that are inherently deviant and either prohibited by law (criminal paraphilia) or deemed taboo and forbidden by conventional society.

Question 6

Erotomania

Answer 6

• The phenomenon of a person developing an unfounded infatuation or imagined relationship with a person unknown or barely known to them.
  OFFLINE:
• associated with stranger-obsessional stalking (involves sending letters, gifts, flowers or making hang-up phone call). Generally not a threat to safety.
  ONLINE:
• majority of cyberstalking incidents involve strangers. Can include “creeping”, creating fake accounts in order to connect with target, search for information or photographs.

Question 7

Exhibitionism

Answer 7

Unsolicited practice of exposing ones body in explicit or suggestive fashion.
OFFLINE:
- Blotters, or noncriminal: dress inappropriately, undress in front of open window.
ONLINE:
- Sending nudes without consent.

Question 8

Scopophilia / Voyeurism

Answer 8

Involves arousal/excitement people get from secretly watching others without consent.
OFFLINE: Movie “Psycho”
ONLINE: Since 2002 became a codified offence.

Question 9

Scatologia

Answer 9

• Obscene, threatening or otherwise menacing phone calls for sexual gratification and to project power and dominance.

Question 10

Corpographia

Answer 10

Sexual excitement from writing and delivering obscene, violent, offensive or otherwise emotionally disturbing content.
- Cyper-bullying falls into this category - underlying disordered sexual component.