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242 - 18 & 19 > 18 1-5 > Flashcards

18 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the size, shape, location, and orientation of the heart in the thorax.

A

Size: 250-300gm/10-14oz/fist

Shape: heart??

Location: 2/3 left of sternum, in mediastinum (medial cavity of thorax), resting on diaphragm

Orientation: base directed towards right shoulder-apex towards left hip.

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2
Q

PMI - point of maximal intensity

A

Apical impulse - felt where the heart’s apex touches the chest wall. Just below L nipple

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3
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Dense irr CT, lined by the parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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4
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Parietal - lines the internal surface of the fibrous layer.

Visceral (aka epicardium) - forms the superficial layer of the heart wall.

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5
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Space containing serous fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous membrane.

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6
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium.

Virus/bacteria/fungi.

Often detected as a friction rub.

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7
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Severe case of pericarditis -

inflammatory fluid in pericardial cavity compresses the heart and limiting the capacity to pump blood.

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8
Q

Function of the heart’s coverings?

A

Fibrous pericardium: protects, anchors to surrounding structures, prevents overfilling

Serous pericardium: parietal - lines surface of fibrous, visceral - forms heart surface.

In between parietal and visceral is the pericardial cavity which contains serous fluid - reduces friction

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9
Q

Coronary Sulcus?

A

(aka atrioventricular groove) Encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles

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10
Q

Anterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Marks the anterior position of the septum separating the R/L ventricles

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11
Q

Posterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Marks the posterior position of the septum separating the R/L ventricles

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12
Q

Left and right auricles?

A

“dog ear” Cover the atria. Vestibular in function.

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13
Q

Layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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14
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium.

Simple squamous + areolar ct (endothelium)

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Mainly cardiac muscle, bulk of heart, circular/spiral arrangement.

This layer contracts.

Cardiac muscle cells are tethered together by CT.

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

Simple squamous + areolar ct (endothelium)

Lines chambers of the heart.

Continuous with the endothelial linings of blood vessels.

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17
Q

Cardiac skeleton

A

Dense network of ct

Reinforces the myocardium internally and anchors the cardiac muscle fibers. Supports where the great vessels leave the heart.

Collagen, elastin.

Limits the spread of APs (not conductive).

18
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Ridges on the anterior wall of the R atrium and within the auricles of L+R atria. (Pectin = comb)

19
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Shallow depression on the interatrial septum (marks the spot where the foramen ovale existed in the fetal heart)

20
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Drains blood from heart wall (to R atrium)

21
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Return blood from the lungs (to L atrium)

22
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

L atrioventricular valves. Has 2 cusps.

L atrium to L ventricle

23
Q

tricuspid valve

A

R atrioventricular valves. Has 3 flexible cusps (endocardium reinforced by ct)

R atrium to R ventricle

24
Q

R Atrium

A

Receives blood from: Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, Coronary sinus

25
Q

L Atrium

A

Receives blood from: 4 pulmonary veins

26
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Returns blood from body areas superior to the diaphragm (to R atrium)

27
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm (to R atrium)

28
Q

L ventricle

A

Pumps blood into the aorta.

29
Q

R ventricle

A

Pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.

30
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

Irregular ridges of muscle on the interior walls of the ventricular chambers.

Provide structural support - reinforce

31
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Muscular nipples that protrude from ventricular walls.

32
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

“heart strings” collagen fibers that anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles

33
Q

Papillary muscle and chordae tendinae function to?

A

Anchor AV flaps in their closed position. If not anchored they would be everted into the atria.

34
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Guards the base of the pulmonary trunk artery. 3 cusps.

35
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

Guards the base of the aorta. 3 cusps.

36
Q

Prolapse

A

Eversion of valve

37
Q

Cardiac output?

A

HR x SV - amount of blood pumped by each ventricle

38
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body - receives blood from the L ventricle.

39
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Recieves blood from the R ventricle and routes it to the lungs.

40
Q

Pressure generated by each ventricle?

A

(L vent - 0-120 mmHg, R vent - 0-24 mmHg)

41
Q

How long do the atria and ventricles contract?

A

Atria - 0.1 sec, ventricle - 0.3 sec

At hr of 75, 0.5 sec rest
At he of 180, 0.125 sec rest (chambers do not fill properly)

242 - 18 & 19 (8 decks)

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