1793: New Structures of the Regime

Question 1

National Convention structure

Answer 1

Left - Montagnards/Jacobin
Middle - Plain
Right - Girondins

Question 2

Execution of Louis Capet

Answer 2

21 January 1793

Question 3

William Doyle - Impacts of the execution

Answer 3

it satisfied the sans culottes but it made the Revolution far more enemies than friends and also immeasurably strengthened those who were already enemies

Question 4

Impacts of the execution

Answer 4

1) Abandonment of the 1791 Constitution and the writing up of the 1793 Constitution
2) Declaration of War against England, Spain and the Dutch Republic on 23 February 1793
3) Undermined the position of the Girondins, who had opposed the execution. They were painted by the Montagnards as supporters of counter-revolution
4) Increased counter-revolutionary sentiment in many conservative regions who believed the new regime was becoming too radical

Question 5

Jacobin Constitution

Answer 5

Published in June 1793 but soon suspended due to the war crisis in October

Question 6

Key points of the Jacobin Constitution

Answer 6

1) Listed many of the civil rights of 91
2) Defines the right of insurrection
3) Declares for the French people to take up arms and defend the republic

Question 7

Causes of the expulsion of the Girondins

Answer 7

1) Expansion of the already failing war
2) Their condemning of the September Massacres, i.e., direct democracy
3) Defections of Lafayette and Dumouriez
4) Sending Marat to the revolutionary tribunal

Question 8

Fall of the Girondins

Answer 8

Journee of 31 May - 2 June 1793

Question 9

Consequences of the expulsion

Answer 9

1) 29 Girondin deputies executed/suicide
2) Reinforced the beliefs of the sans-culottes
3) Complete transfer of power to the Jacobins
4) Total radicalisation of Paris