177. Miscellaneous antibiotics Flashcards
Chloramphenicol has activity against
Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, Rickettsia, and Mycoplasma.
Doxycycline is lipo or hydrophilic?
lipophilic
What is effective against toxoplasmosis?
Clindamycin
Which drugs are used for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-positive pathogens?
Vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampin
What is metronidazole indicate to use against?
most anaerobic Gram-positive (Clostridium spp., Bacilli spp.) and all anaerobic Gram-negative pathogens (Bacteroides fragilis, etc.)
MOA metronidazole
Metronidazole is a bactericidal, concentration-dependent antibiotic. Within the bacteria, it gets reduced and is incorporated within the bacterial DNA, causing a loss of helical structure, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and cell death.4 The nitrous reduction of metronidazole can only be achieved in anaerobic bacteria. At higher dosages (>50 mg/kg daily), metronidazole is effective against some protozoal diseases such as giardiasis, amebiasis, and trichomoniasis. However, these dosages have been associated with central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects.
Side effects of metronidazole
gastrointestinal upset or neurological signs
MOA Clindamycin
Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit and inhibits peptidyl transferase
Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for tick-borne rickettsial disease, feline upper airway disease, and canine respiratory disease complex requiring antimicrobial therapy
Doxy
Side effects of Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
hypersensitivity reactions such as fever, polyarthropathies, pancreatitis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia,19 and mucosal skin lesions, none of which are dose-dependent. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is the most common side effect due to the direct cytotoxic effect of sulfonamides on the lacrimal gland.
