1750-1830 Flashcards
What style became associated with the later classical period as it was retroactively applied to composers?
Sturm und drang
What does sturm und drang translate to?
Storm and stress
What subject matter would sturm and drang cover?
Turbulent, unstable or stormy ideas -could be programmatic in style
What was a compositional feature of sturm und drang?
Large contrasts in dynamics and texture
What was sturm und drang designed to be?
Dramatic
Name a sturm und drang symphony.
Haydn - Symphony No. 45 (Farewell) in F#m
How could the string melodies in Haydn’s 45th be described?
Dramatic descending melodies
What mode is Haydn’s 45th in?
Minor mode
What dynamic features in Haydn’s 45th are jarring or sudden?
Sudden forzandos and accents are used to emphasise certain parts of the music
What is notable about the orchestra by the Mature Classical period?
Increased
__________ chords are used heavily in Haydn’s 45th symphony.
diminished
What two periods does Beethoven straddle?
Mature Classical and Early Romantic
What developments does Haydn’s 104th show in terms of structure?
Sonata form in outer two movements, ternary in II and minuet and trio in III
Why might have movement IV of Symphony 104 influenced Romantics?
Folk tendencies - drone bass intro and folkish main theme
What unusual structure does Haydn use in movement I of Symphony 104?
Monothematic sonata form
How does Haydn’s use of woodwinds exemplify Mature Classical?
Given their own roles
Movement I of Haydn uses a three part _________ __________ as a short passage
woodwind section
How is Haydn’s use of tonality in the opening of Symphony 104 unusual?
Uses only the tonic and dominant of Dm
When was Symphony 104 composed and released?
1795
How does Beethoven’s 5th Symphony creatively use tonality?
Begins in C minor, ends in a heroic C major to represent light overcoming the dark.
What did Beethoven’s 6th Symphony (Pastoral) introduce into symphonies at large?
More solid storytelling and drama
What did Beethoven’s use of narrative have an influence on?
Romanticism as it was heavily programmatic
Why was Beethoven’s 9th innovative in its movements?
They were extremely long
What technique does Beethoven use in the opening of Symphony No. 9, similar to a technique used by Haydn?
Unclear tonality as only root and fifth is used
How did movement IV of Beethoven’s 9th influence Romantics?
It integrated elements from previous movements and culminated
A triumphant minor to major solution - tragedy to triumph
Addition of huge orchestral resources and a choir for more impact
How does the first movement of Mendelssohn’s Symphony No. 4 show Mature Classical / Early Romantic developments?
Woodwinds are prominent in the opening
Given freedom to create an airy texture throughout the movement
What Mannheim technique does Beethoven use in bars 1-2 of his 3rd Symphony?
Mannheim hmmerstroke
