Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

17. Energy For Biological Processes > 17.3 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

17.3 Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What types of organisms photosynthesise

A

Autotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are chloroplasts and what is there structure

A

Where photosynthesis takes place in plants
Large surface area to maximise their light absorption
Membrane has flattened sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the structure of chloroplasts membrane

A

Forms flattened sacs called thylakoids which are stacked to form grana and these grana are joined by channels called lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the light absorbed in chloroplasts

A

By chlorophyll which are embedded in the thylakoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll A
Chlorophyll b
Xabthophylls
Carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is chlorophyll A

A

Primary pigment that absorb light located in reaction centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the roles of chlorophyll B, xanthophylls & carotenoids
Where are they in chloroplast

A

Absorb different wavelengths of light than chlorophyll a

They are embedded in the thylakoid membrane and form the light harvesting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the light harvesting system

A

Absorbs light energy of different wave lengths and transfers this energy efficiently to the reaction centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is used to investigate photosynthetic pigments

A

Chromatography which is used to seperate pigments in a plant extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the light dependent stage

A

The first stage of photosynthesis
Which absorbs energy from the sunlight and uses it to form ATP
It also uses hydrogen from water to reduce coenzyme NADP to reduced NADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is involved in the light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

Non-cyclic phosphorylation
Photolysis
Cyclic phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in the first 2 stages of non-cyclic phosphorylation

A

Light is absorbed and excited electrons in photo system 2
The excited electrons are then released from the reaction centre of PSII and passed to the electron transport chain where ATP is produced by chemiosmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens at Photosystem 1 after photosystem 2 in noncyclic phosphorylation

A

More excited electrons are released from the reaction centre at PSI
And passed into another electron transport chain producing more ATP
the electrons lost from the reaction centre at PSI are replaced by the electrons that came from PSII

Electrons that leave ETC after PSI are accepted along with hydrogen ions by coenzyme NADP forming reduced NADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is photolysis

A

Water molecules are split into hydrogen ions, electrons and O2 using energy from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the electrons lost at PSII replaced in non-cyclic phosphorylation

A

Electrons released from water in photolysis

O2 is released as a by product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in cyclic phosphorylation in the light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

Electrons that leave the electron transport chain after PSI can be returned to PSI instead of being used to form reduced NADP

17
Q

What is the light independent stage of photosynthesis

Abs where does it take place

A

This takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts

The products from the light dependent stage -ATP AND REDUCED NADP are required

18
Q

What are the products of the light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

ATP

Reduced NADP

19
Q

What is the process that takes place in the light dependent stage

A

Calvin cycle

20
Q

What are the main 3 steps of the Calvin cycle

A

Fixation - co2 is fixed
Reduction - glycertate phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate by hydrogen from red NADP by ATP
Regeneration - RuBP is regenerated from recycled Triose phosphate

21
Q

What are the first 2 stages of the Calvin cycle

A

Co2 enters the inter cellular spaces within the spongy mesophyll of leaves by diffusion
Co2 then diffuses into stroma of chloroplasts where it combines with Ribulose bisphosphate (5carbon)

22
Q

What catalyses the reaction between co2 and ribulose bisphosphate
And what does this produce

In Calvin cycle

A

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylate
( RuBisCo )
This produces an unstable 6 carbon intermediate

23
Q

What happens to the unstable 6 carbon intermediate produced by the reaction between co2 and Ribulose bisphosphate in teh first stage of the Calvin cycle

A

It immediately breaks down into 2 3carbon glycerate 3-phosphate molecules (GP)

24
Q

What happens to the two glycerate 3 phosphate molecules in the Calvin cycle

A

Each GP molecule is converted to another 3 carbon molecule - triose phosphate

25
Q

How is glycerate 3-phosphate converted to triose phosphate

A

Uses a hydrogen atom from reduced NADP and energy from ATP from the dependent stage

26
Q

What is triose phosphate used for

A

Starting point for the synthesis of many complex biological molecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

27
Q

How many carbon dioxide mooches need to enter the Calvin cycle for the production of 1 glucose molecule

A

6

17. Energy For Biological Processes (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions