Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro Behavioral Med 2 > 17 - Stroke > Flashcards

17 - Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Any disruption of blood flow to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What looks like a stroke?

A

A LOT of things!

Tumors, others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the epidemiology of strokes

A

Leading cause of disability worldwide

3rd cause of death in the US behind CAD and CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A
  • Ischemia

- Hemmorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe an ischemic stroke

A
  • Thrombosis (clot in brain - common)
  • Embolic (clot thrown to brain)
    hypoperfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a hemmorrhagic strke

A

Lots of types – another lecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Lacunar stroke?

A
  • Small stroke in deep penetrating arteries

- Fewer symptoms, better mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHat is the old definition of a TIA?

A

Stroke-like symptoms that resolve in 24 hours….most in 3

  • 10 % have a full stroke in 90 days
  • TIAs can go home; strokes stay (basically if symptomatic in ER they stay)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the new definition of a TIA?

A

A transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who stays and who goes home?

A

Based on Age, BP, TIA symptoms, duration and diabetes – more points, higher chance of leading to stroke***

ABCDD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give a case of a patient with a stroke that had to stay

A

High risk

84 y/o male with 2 earlier episodes of r hand weakness and difficult speaking that lasted a few minutes. PMH – htn, dm. Had short episode in ER.

CT of head negative, he stayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of risk factors of a stroke?

A
  • Thrombolic

- Embolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the thrombolic risk factors of stroke?

A
  • HTN
  • CAD
  • DM
  • Vascular dz
  • Sickle cell
  • Smoking
  • Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the embolic risk factors of stroke

A
  • A-fib
  • PFO
  • Valve replacement
  • MI
  • Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for a stroke?

A
  • Seizure
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Metabolic d/o (low k, low Na)
  • Encephalopathy
  • Brain lesion
  • Sepsis
  • Medication
  • Spinal cord issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

A
  • Weakness on one side
  • Numbness on one side
  • Issues with speech, thought, motion
  • Balance problems
  • HA
  • Seizure
  • Visual changes
  • LOC (loss of consciousness)
  • NOT syncope ***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the case of myelitis

A

62 y/o female overweight but healthy/non smoker presents to ER c CP and weakness. Previous ER doc worked up – all negative and admitted (pt unable to ambulate)
When I arrived, paramedics begging me to go to the floor to evaluate
Bilateral weak and stiff and some anxiety
Mg/Phos/Sed Rate/CT head

Labs all fine/sed rate normal – new CT head read – radiologist states maybe tiny new lesion
Picture didn’t fit (Jacoby)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the speech deficits you can see?

A

Expressive or motor aphasia

Receptive aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe an expressive or motor aphasia

A

Expressive or motor aphasia (can think of word but hard to get out)

21
Q

Describe a receptive aphasia

A

Receptive aphasia (can’t think of the words or sentence…speech clear but doesn’t make sense)

22
Q

What does the EMS crew do in the case of a suspected stroke?

A 
Identify possibility of CVA
r/o other possibilities w/in their scope
BS, Narcan, vital signs 
Stabilize/rapid transport
Notify hospital
23
Q

WHat does the ER crew do in the case of a stroek?

A 
Vitals/stabilize
Quick history and physical
Immediate head CT
Basic labs including coags
ekg
24
Q

What is the ONLY widely used treatment for ischemic stroke?

A

The only widely used treatment for the treatment of ischemic stroke is THROMBOLYTICS ***

25
Describe the reasoning for a head CT
To make sure that a bleed isn’t the cause of the stroke | A bleed will be transported to center (or ICU) to watch/wait or have surgery (neurosurgery)
26
What can you see on a head CT?
- A new bleed - A tumor or abscess - A stroke that is 6-48 hours old or a huge stroke may show up sooner
27
Describe the use of thrombolytics ***
Once you decide via CT that the pt does not have a bleed, abscess or tumor… Then the decision to give thrombolytis needs to be made
28
Why do we use TPA?
Does NOT decrease mortality INCREASES risk of bleed We use it to decrease the DEFICITS that result from a stroke
29
Describe the specific risks of TPA
- Clot buster for the treatment of stroke - 30% increase in good neuro outcome at 3 months - Mortality the same - 6% chance of bleed compared to .6% if no TPA
30
What is the stroke window? ******
There is a 3 hour window from the start of symptoms to start thrombolytics This window can be extended to 4.5 hours to those under 80, not on a thinner,NIH Stroke Scale
31
Who cannot get TPA? ******
Bleed, tumor, huge stroke on CT with mass effect, brain swelling More than 3 (to 4.5) hours from onset of symptoms (have to be precise – nap/going to bed starts the clock)
32
What are other exclusions for giving TPA? ***
- Resolving symptoms or minor symptoms *** - LOC - h/o brain bleed or bleed d/o - Ischemic stroke or severe head trauma w/in 3 months - BP >185/110 (treating to get there okay)
33
What are some more exclusions for giving someone TPA? ***
- Recent MI, surgery or LP - H/O brain vascular issue - Pregnancy - GI bleed w/in 3 wks - Glucose 1.7 *** - On heparin with increased PTT
34
Who's left? Who can get TPA?
Rare to have a patient who can jump through all of those hoops Nothing acute on CT, meet time standards, not a bleeder, not too sick or too few symptoms
35
What percent of ischemic stroke patients get TPA?
In US,
36
Describe the reasoning for "the window"
- While most hospital now have a 4.5 hour window (based on AHA/ASA guidelines)– the FDA has NOT approved this. - Overall, for every 100 patients treated within the first 3 hours, 32 had a better outcome as a result and 3 had a worse outcome - Overall, for every 100 patients treated within the 3 to 4.5-hour window, 16 had a better outcome as a result and 3 had a worse outcome.[2]
37
What happens to a new stroke patient in the hospital?
- MRI (better look at brain) - 2D Echo (clots/holes in heart) - Carotid echo - Evaluate risk factors (lipids, DM, etc..) - Swallow study - PT/OT/Speech
38
Not going to ask this... But, where is the lesion in stokes?
- Anterior Cerebral – opposite arm and leg - Middle cerebral –opposite face, arm possibly leg - Posterior cerebral – few symptoms - Veterbrobasilar – (cerebellum, brain stem, visual cortex) dizzy, vertigo, CN palsy on same side possible symptoms opposite motor
39
What is the most common area of strokes to occur?
Posterior area of internal capsule - Opposite paralysis - Opposite lower face paralysis
40
What is the stroke mortality rate in the hospital?
- SAH – 31.9 (bleed) - ICH – 25.6 (Bleed) - IS – 6 (ischemic)
41
What is the morbidity seen in stroke patients following the stroke?
- 72% Independent at d/c | - If they drove prior, 50% drove 30 days later
42
What are the overall outcomes of stroke patients?
4264 patients with IS at 100 day f/u 13.9% died 53% functionally independent 33% depressed Stroke 2002
43
Describe young adults who experience a stroke
Age 15-45 7% sz first year 4.5% mortality 22% smokers quit
44
Describe the cause of strokes in young adults
Stimulants a frequent cause in 18-44 y/o Meth increases risk of hem. stroke 5X Cocaine increases risk of both kinds of stroke 2X
45
What can you do in urgent care or your office if you suspect a stroke?
- Call 911 - Check BS - Start IV - TALK to the ER doctor - Send records - Educate patient
46
What is coming next in the research and development for strokes?
Multimodal CT – regular head CT, CT angio of head and neck and a perfusion CT. This can give information about brain tissue which can potentially come back and open the 3 hour or 4.5 hour window
47
What is intra-arterial TPA?
- Extend the window of treatment options out past 6 hours. | - Recent trials in US stopped, initial studies showed similar outcomes to IV TPA
48
Describe a mechanical thrombectomy
- Many different types - Meri-Clot retriever – uses coil to unscrew clot (57% open up clot, 69% with TPA added) - Penumbra – aspiration of clot (opens clot 81%)
49
Describe the possibility of an angioplasty and stenting in the brain
Technically difficult Very small studies Note –– just because you can open up artery doesn’t mean you’ll get function back – heart seems more forgiving than the brain

Neuro Behavioral Med 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions