1.7 Flashcards
Feudalism
A system of exchange of land for loyalty. Provided security for peasants, equipment for warriors and land for those who served a lord.
Manorial system
Provided economic self sufficiency and defense. Serfs spent the rest of their lives in a single manor ( small village containing church, blacksmith, shop, a mill, and wine presses) since it produced everything they required
Three Field System
Method of how crops were rotted through 3 fields, one field was planted with wheat or rye, crops that provided food, second field with legumes or beans made soil more fertile, and third was unused.
Magna Carta
Required the King to respect certain rights, such as the right to a jury trial before a noble could be sentences to prison.
The Hundred Year’s War
Between 1337 and 1453 the rival monarchies of England an France fought a series of battles. English only retained the port of Calais in France.
Education and Arts
Church established first universities and most artwork focuses on religious themes.
Roman Catholic church
divided into two branches called the Great Schism. Religious leaders called bishops, owed allegiance to the people, the supreme bishop in Rome
Church and state
Corruption in the Catholic Church drove reformers such as Martin Luther to take a stand that would shatter the unity if the Roman Catholic Church in 16th century.
Christian Crusades
Europeans south to reclaim control of the Holy Land the region of Palestine in which Middle Wast which also contains spiritual significance to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. A series of European military campaigns in the Middle East 1095 and the 1200s
Code of Chivalry
An unwritten set of rules for conduct on honor, courtesy and bravery
Estates General
A body to advise the King that included representatives from each of the three legal classes, or estates in France - clergy, nobility, and commoners
Manorialism
Living in religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chasity, obedience and poverty
Vassal
sworn supporter of a king or lord commmites to specified military service
The First Crusade
Conquered Jerusalem 1099, Muslims regain control of Jerusalem in 1187. Increased demands for Middle Eastern Goods. Byzantine Emperor Alexia’s Communes asks for help.
Bourgeoises
Elite nobles and clergy and mass of peasants beca,e shopkeepers, merchants, craft props, and small landholders.
