162

Question 1

What is the class specification file?

Answer 1

A header file that contains a class declaration

Question 2

What is the class implementation file?

Answer 2

.cpp file where member function definitions are stored

Question 3

What is the client program?

Answer 3

Program that contains main function and is compiled and linked with the .cpp file. AKA client code.

Question 4

what is #ifndef?

Answer 4

include guard. Prevents header file from accidentally being included more than once.

Question 5

What is the include file directory

Answer 5

Directory or folder where all of the standard C++ header files are located. Use angled brackets. Quotations for header files mean that file is located in current project directory

Question 6

What is using namespace for?

Answer 6

backwards compatibility

Question 7

What is the process for compiling?

Answer 7

1. preprocessor runs
2. Parser and lexer run
3. Compiler translates code into assembly
4. Assembler turns it into object
5. Linker combines libraries and turns into executable

Question 8

What does the -c mean?

Answer 8

partial compilations

Question 9

what is #pragma

Answer 9

suggestion to compiler. #pragma once tells compiler only include this once. support not as wide spread

Question 10

What are typical contents of make file?

Answer 10

rules, targets, dependencies, variables.

Question 11

What is CC

Answer 11

name of c compiler

Question 12

What is CXX

Answer 12

name of c++ compiler

Question 13

what are CFLAGS?

Answer 13

tools to compile but not to link

Question 14

What is LDFLAGS?

Answer 14

linker flags, like math library or pthread library. Anything you want to include that has to be specified when linking

Question 15

what is -g?

Answer 15

debugging

Question 16

What is @?

Answer 16

substitutes name of target

Question 17

What is name of gnu debugger?

Answer 17

gdb

Question 18

what is where?

Answer 18

prints backtrace. Also can type backtrace or bt.

Question 19

How do you combine several file open mode flags when a file is being opened?

Answer 19

The bitwise “or” operator |

for example,

fstream dataFile;
myFile.open(“myfile.dat”, ios::in | ios::out);

Question 20

What is ios::app flag?

Answer 20

new data added to the end of a file

Question 21

What is ios::noreplace flag?

Answer 21

specifies that an attempt to open a file for output should fail if the file already exists

Question 22

What is ios::ate flag?

Answer 22

Initial output to the file will take place at the end of the file

Question 23

What is ios::binary flag?

Answer 23

Binary mode. When a file is opened in binary mode, information is written to or read from it in pure binary format.

Question 24

What is ios::trunc?

Answer 24

If the file already exists, its contents will be deleted (truncated). This is the default mode used by ios::out

Question 25

What is the fail function of a file stream object?

Answer 25

returns true if an I/O operation was not successfully completed.

Question 26

What is the eof function?

Answer 26

Testing for the end of a file. Not the best way to determine whether there is still data left in the file when reading from the file using the extraction operator.

Question 27

What is continue?

Answer 27

causes current iteration of loop to end immediately.

In while loop, this means program jumps to the test expression at top of loop. If expression is still true, the next iteration begins.

In do-while loop, the program jumps to the test expression at bottom of loop, which determines if next iteration will begin.

Question 28

What is the syntax to declare a friend function?

Answer 28

friend return type function name (parameter type list)

Question 29

How to make a programmer-defined copy constructor for the class NumberArray?

Answer 29

NumberArray::NumberArray(NumberArray &obj)

Question 30

Why use const parameters in copy constructors?

Answer 30

Because the purpose of a copy constructor is to make a copy of the argument, there is no reason the constructor should modify the argument’s data.

Question 31

11.5 When are copy constructors called?

Answer 31

Generally, only when an object is being INITIALIZED, not assigned.

whenever an object is being created by initializing it with another object of the same class OR when a function call receives a value parameter of the class type, OR whenever a function returns an object of the class by value.

Question 32

What is the syntax/format for operator overloading prototype?

Answer 32

return type - function name - parameters

void operator=(const NumberArray &right)

Question 33

If for the class NumberArray, the overloaded operator is void operator=(const NumberArray &right), how do you assign left to right below?

Number Array left(3, 10.5);
NumberArray right(5, 20.5);

Answer 33

left.operator=(right);
OR
left = right;

Question 34

Parameters to operator functions must be passed by reference or declared const. True or False?

Answer 34

False.

Question 35

Modify the following definition of the operator to make it be able to do this -> a = b = c

void NumberArray::operator=(const NumberArray &right)
{
   if (arraySize > 0) delete [] aPtr;
   arraySize = right.arraySize;
   aPtr = new double[arraySize[;
   for (int index = 0; index

Answer 35

NumberArray NumberArray::operator=(const NumberArray &right)
{
   if (arraySize > 0) delete [] aPtr;
   arraySize = right.arraySize;
   aPtr = new double[arraySize];
   for (int index = 0; index

Question 36

What happens in the following code:
class Weird
{
private: 
   int value;
public:
   Weird(int v)
      {value = v; }
   void operator=(const Weird &right)
     { cout

Answer 36

10 will be displayed on the screen

Question 37

Which operators cannot be overloaded?

Answer 37

?:
.
.*
\::
sizeof

Question 38

Why would you make an overloaded operator a member function of a class?

Answer 38

so it can access private members of the class. It also allows the function to use the implicit this pointer parameter to access the calling object.

If you make the overloaded member function a separate, stand-alone function, you need to declare it as a friend in order to access the private members of the class

Question 39

What are some operators that need to be overloaded as stand-alone function?

Answer 39

the stream input and output operators:&raquo_space; and «

Question 40

Why is it better to overload binary operators that take parameters of the same type as stand-alone functions?

Answer 40

Because unlike stand-alone operator overloading, member-function overloading introduces an artificial distinction between the two parameters by making the left parameter implicit.

Question 41

Given the following code how would you implement the operator?

Length Length::operator++()
{
   len_inches++;
   return *this;
}

Answer 41

++b
OR
b.operator++()

For postfix, the only difference is that it takes a dummy parameter & and it needs a temp value to capture and return the object’s value before it was postfixed.