16.1 Flashcards
Normality
16.1
The state of being normal, defined in terms of typical and atypical behaviours, and how some behaviours are adaptive and others are maladaptive
16.1
Situational Approach to Normality
16.1
Determines what is or isn’t normal by using situational cues
🟥 e.g. It is normal to laugh when someone is telling a joke but not when someone is delivering an eulogy at a funeral
16.1
Medical Approach to Normality
16.1
Diagnosing someone with a mental illness, in the say way a person may be diagnosed with a physical illness; if a mental illness is diagnosed
16.1
Historical Approach to Normality
16.1
Suggests what normal behaviour is based on cues from different periods in time
16.1
Functional Approach to Normality
16.1
Suggests that behaviour is considered normal if the individual is able to lead a functional life
16.2
Sociocultural Approach to Normality
16.1
Suggests what is normal behaviour based on cultural and societal cues
16.1
Statistical Approach to Normality
16.1
Identifies normal behaviours by the frequency of this behaviour within the specified population
16.1
Types of Normality
16.1
- Statistical
- Historical
- Functional
- Medical
- Sociocultural
- Situational
16.1
Normal Behaviour
16.1
A behaviour that is accepted within society and is typical for the specific situation or context
16.1
Abnormal Behaviour
16.1
Behaviours that go against societal and cultural expectations which may reflect a kind of impairment, or consist of unwelcome behaviours
16.1
Adaptive Behaviour
16.2
A behaviour or skill developed as we age (and gain experience) to assist in our ability to relate to others, become independent and function on a daily basis
e.g. personal care skills such as eating, dressing and grooming OR communication and employment skills
16.2
Maladaptive Behaviour
16.2
Behaviour developed in early childhood as a means of reducing anxiety that interfere with a person’s ability to function on a daily basis (such as tantrums, self-harm, screaming, aggressive or disruptive behaviour)
e.g. tantrums, self-harm, screaming
16.2
Coping Mechanism
16.2
Functional or dysfunctional strategies to reduce anxiety or stress
e.g. rocking, repetitive movements, word/phrase repetition
16.2
Influences of Adaptive Behaviours
16.2
- Personality Predisposition : Geldard and Geldard 2002
- Resiliance : learned from parental modelling/peers/teachers
- Happy and Secure Home Environment: provides sense of security
- Financial Security
- Secure Attachment : positive relationship builds trust which is transferred
- Parental Interest in Education: developed sense of belonging and positive self-worth
16.2
Influences of Maladaptive Behaviours
16.2
- Avoidant attachment
- Unhelpful parenting
- Parents who model maladaptive behaviours (e.g. drinking)
- Personality Predisposition
16.2
Environmental Stressors
16.2
Aspects of one’s surroundings that increase mental or emotional strain in their lives
e.g. Natural Disasters and Poverty/Unemployment
16.2
Early Childhood Experiences
16.2
- Genetic Predisposition (e.g. to ADHD)
- Avoidance (e.g. if a baby does not receive consistent nurturing, the child may develop trust issues, which can be carried through to adulthood)
- Unhelpful Parenting (e.g. inconsistent or harsh parenting style)
16.2
Mental Health
16.3
A state of emotional and social wellbeing in which individuals can cope with the normal stress of life, work, productively and contribute to their community
16.3
Mental Health Problems
16.3
Emotional, cognitive and behavioural difficulties that affect relationships and functioning in every day life
Experienced when there is extra stress
16.3
Definition, implication, general symptoms, management
Mental Disorder
16.3
One or more functions of the mind that can interfere with a person’s thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and behaviours
Implies existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that need to be treated to be alleviated
Involves departure from normal functions and causing distress and suffering
Management may include medication and psychotherapy from a psychiatrist and/or psychologist. Higher success rates when support from friends
16.3
Types of Mental Illnesses
16.3
Psychosis
Neurosis
16.3
Psychosis
16.3
A mental illness where there is some loss of contact with reality
e.g. schizophrenia where the person experiences hallucinations or loses distinction between reality and imagination
16.3
Hallucinations
16.3
False perceptions in the absense of sensory input
16.3
Mental Health Continuum
16.3
A scale representing the spectrum of mental health based on symptoms
16.3
