1.6 - Respiration Flashcards
Respiration is defined as
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions which release the chemical energy stored in glucose
The energy released is used to make
ATP
Energy transferred by ATP can be used for
muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis, transmission of nerve impulses
One glucose molecule gets broken down into
Two molecules of pyruvate and released enough energy for 2 ATP
In oxygen, aerobic respiration happens …
Each pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, releasing enough energy to yields a large number of ATP molecules.
When oxygen is absent
the fermentation pathway yields only the initial 2 ATP.
In plant and yeast cell fermentation
The pyruvate molecules are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
In animal cell fermentation
The pyruvate molecules are converted to lactate
Respiration begins in
The cytoplasm
Fermentation is completed in
The cytoplasm
Aerobic respiration is completed in
The mitochondria
Respirometers
Measure the rate of respiration
