1.6 Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
In cells the chemical energy stored in glucose must be released by all cells through a series of enzyme controlled reactions- this is respiration.
What is respiration controlled by?
enzymes
What type of energy is stored in glucose.
Chemical energy
What do animals and plants convert the chemical energy to (word equation)
Other forms, mainly heat energy (and movement)
What is a control and what does it do?
It is an exact replica of the experiment and sometimes glass beads or dead organisms are used. It shows the factor being investigated is what causes the chemical reaction.
Word equation for Aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen arrow Carbon dioxide + water + lots of ATP.
What is aerobic respiration? And what is it controlled by?
The complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. Controlled by a series of enzymes controlled reactions.
How is ATP made?
ADP + Pi
What cellular activities require ATP?
Active transport, Muscle cell contraction, Cell division, Protein synthesis, Transmission of nerve cell impulses.
Where does respiration begin and end in aerobic respiration?
Starts in the cytoplasm and the second stage is in the mitochondria.
What happens in aerobic respiration stage 1 and 2?
Stage 1- Glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP molecules.
Stage 2- Pyruvate in the presence of oxygen broken down into carbon dioxide and water and lots of ATP.
What is a respirometer and what does it measure?
Measures the rate of respiration and is a piece of appratus.
What is fermentation?
The incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen and only occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Fermentation in animal cells cytoplasm- what happens?
Glucose is broken down into 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate and is then broken down into lactate.
Fermentation in plant and yeast cells- what happens?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate then converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol. -This occurs in the cytoplasm with absence of oxygen.
Where are each types of respiration completed?
Fermentation is completed in the cytoplasm and aerobic respiration is completed in the mitochondria.
In a respirometer what is needed?
A chemical to remove the carbon dioxide so that oxygen uptake can be measured.
What is used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide?
Limewater
