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Product Design > 1.6 Performance Characteristics of Woods > Flashcards

1.6 Performance Characteristics of Woods Flashcards

1
Q

Describe rough sawn

A

Wood that comes direct from seasoning and has rough surfaces produced during initial conversion

Has nominal sizes rather than accurate finished sizes and is the cheapest stock form

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2
Q

Describe planed square edge (PSE)

A

Wood only has one edge that is planed accurately; the rest are rough sawn

Planing removes about 3mm from the original nominal size

Example
Original size: 25mm x 50mm
Planed size: 22mm x 47mm

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2
Q

Describe natural wood

A

Only available at the maximum width of the tree
To produce wider, planks need to be joined together

Planks should be joined with the end grain going in different directions to avoid distortion

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3
Q

Describe planed all round (PAR)

A

Wood has sides and edges that are all planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish

About 3mm smaller all round than the original rough-sawn and most expensive

Example
Original size: 25mm x 50mm
Planed size: 19mm x 44mm

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4
Q

State the three types of woods

A

Natural wood
Manufactured boards
Mouldings

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5
Q

Describe manufactured boards and give standard sizes

A

Man-made and produced in large sheets typically 1220x2440

Wide surfaces can be joined without the need for joining processes

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5
Q

Describe mouldings

A

Premade such as skirting boards or wooden trims available in standard lengths

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6
Q

Give four facts about kiln seasoning

A

Wood is stacked on trolleys
Kiln dried
Quick, only a few weeks & cheap
Used for indoor products

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6
Q

Give four facts about air seasoning

A

Wood is stacked in a shelter outside, protected from the rain
Air circulates between planks to remove excess moisture
Slow, up to one year, and inexpensive
Used for outdoor products

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7
Q

Why is wood seasoned?

A

gives greater immunity from decay and increased resistance to rot
Increases strength and stability
Helps preservatives to penetrate
Makes wood less corrosive to metals

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8
Q

State three properties/characteristics of oak

A

Tough
Hard
Durable
Good weather resistance
Contains tannic acid, which will corrode steel screws or fixings

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8
Q

Define hardwood and give three examples

A

A wood from broadleaved (deciduous) trees.

Oak
Ash
Mahogany
Teak
Birch
Beech

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9
Q

State three properties/characteristics of ash

A

Tough
Open grained
Flexible
Can be bend if streamed

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10
Q

State two uses of ash

A

Tool handles
Laminates
Sport equipment

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11
Q

State two uses of teak

A

Outdoor furniture
- Traditional boat decks

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11
Q

State two uses of oak

A

Furniture
Flooring
Construction, boat building, and carpentry

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12
Q

State three properties/characteristics of birch

A

Hard
Straight close-grained
Resists warping

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12
Q

State two uses of birch

A

Furniture
Veneers
Indoor paneling

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12
Q

State two uses of mahogany

A

Outdoor furniture
Good quality furniture
Veneers

13
Q

State three properties/characteristics of mahogany

A

Durable
Interlocking grains (which could make it difficult to work)
Excellent for carving
Finishes well

14
Q

State three properties/characteristics of teak

A

Tough
Hard
Straight grains
Natural oils (resist to moisture, acids, and alkalis)

15
Q

State two uses of beech

A

Furniture
Toys
Kitchen utensils
Tools handle

16
Q

Define softwood and give three examples

A

Wood from a coniferous tree

Pine
Spruce
Douglas fir
Larch
Cedar

16
Q

State three properties/characteristics of beech

A

Tough
Hard
Close grained

17
Q

State three properties/characteristics of pine

A

Easy to work with
Relatively cheap
May contain knots that will weaken the wood
Straight grains

18
Q

State three properties/characteristics of spruce

A

Straight grains
Resistance to splitting
Easy to saw

19
Q

State two uses of spruce

A

Factory flooring and building/construction
- Indoor furniture

19
Q

State three properties/characteristics of larch

A

Tough
Hard
Attractive grain pattern
Fades to silver (grey) upon exposure outside (sunlight)

19
Q

State two uses of larch

A

Garden furniture
Fencing
Cladding decking

19
Q

State two uses of pine

A

Building frames and construction
Furniture (needs protection if used outside)
Window frames, roofing, floors, and paneling

20
Q

State two uses of Douglas fir

A

Building and construction
Balconies, stairs, flooring, wall paneling
Veneers

21
Q

State three properties/characteristics of Douglas fir

A

Good resistance to corrosion
Straight or slightly wavy grain
Few knots
Stable

22
Q

State three properties/characteristics of cedar

A

Straight grain
Can corrode ferrous metals due to their acidic nature
Low density
Insect resistant

23
Q

State two uses of cedar

A

Sheds, greenhouses, beehives
Exterior cladding
Interior paneling

24
Q

Define manufactured boards and give three examples

A

A man-made wood-based composite material

Plywood
Marine plywood
Aeroply
Flexible plywood
Chipboard
MDF

25
Q

State three properties/characteristics of plywood

A

Strong in every direction
No grain weakness
Always has an odd number of layers

26
Q

State two uses of plywood

A

Structural work
Desktops
Indoor furniture
Floorboards

27
Q

State three properties/characteristics of marine plywood

A

Similar construction to plywood
Moisture resistance
Resistant to fungal attack
Quite expensive

28
Q

State three properties/characteristics of aeroply

A

Plywood made from high quality timber, such as birch
Available in very thin sheets
Lightweight
Easy to bend around a support frame

28
Q

State two uses of marine plywood

A

Boat dashboards
Boat lockers
Panelling

29
Q

State two uses of aeroply

A

Gliders
Laminated furniture
Laser cut projects
Jewellery items

30
Q

State one property/characteristic of flexible plywood

A

two outer layers made from open-grained timber, which allows the sheet to flex

31
Q

State two uses of flexible plywood

A

Laminated furniture
Curved panels

32
Q

State two properties/characteristics of chipboard

A

Made from wood chips bonded with resin under pressure
Not very resilient without surface treatment
Durability is improved with veneers or a hard-wearing paint

33
Q

State two uses of chipboard

A

Often veneered or covered with a polymer laminate
Kitchen worktops and units
Shelving and ‘flat pack’ furniture

34
Q

State two properties/characteristics of MDF

A

Made from fine wood dust particles bonded with resin under pressure
Not very resilient without surface treatment
Durability is improved with veneers or a hard-wearing paint

35
Q

State two uses of MDF

A

Model/mould making
Furniture items such as bookcases, cabinets and desks

Product Design (26 decks)

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