1.6 Learning

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

a general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding

Question 2

Sensitization

Answer 2

a simple form of learning that occurs when presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased response to a later stimulus

Question 3

Learning

Answer 3

Learning is based on experience
Learning produces changes in the organism
These changes are relatively permanent

Question 4

John B. Watson

Answer 4

Began the behaviorist movement
Psychologists should “never use the terms consciousness, mental states, mind, content, introspectively verifiable, imagery, and the like.”

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 5

Pavlov was studying digestion in laboratory animals
Surgically implanted test tubes into the cheeks of dogs to measure their salivary response to food

Question 6

Classical Conditioning

Answer 6

when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response

Question 7

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 7

something that reliabily produces a natural occurring reaction in an organism

Question 8

Unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 8

a reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 9

a previously neutral stimulus that produces a reliable response in an organism after being paried with a US

Question 10

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 10

a reaction that resembles an uncondtioned response but is rpodcues by a conditioned stimulus

Question 11

Acquisition

Answer 11

the phase of classical conditioning when the CS and the US are presented together

Question 12

Second-Order conditioning

Answer 12

conditioning where a CS is paired with a stimulus that became associated with the US in an earlier procedure