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Molecular Basis of Disease > 16- Lab Investigation of FBC > Flashcards

16- Lab Investigation of FBC Flashcards

1
Q

haematocrit

A

percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs (40-50% is normal)

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2
Q

MCV

A

average size of RBC

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3
Q

MCHC

A

average amount of Hb relative to size of RBC

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4
Q

MCH

A

average amount of Hb per RBC

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5
Q

RDW

A

red cell distribution width, range in deviation in RBC size - can indicate poikilocytosis

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6
Q

WBC count - importance?

A

total number of WBCs in the blood – can indicate infections, inflammation, other immune system responses

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7
Q

white cell differential count?

A

break down total WBC count into different WBC types

individual numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils

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8
Q

specific FBC parameters considered warning signs?

A

Hct, MCV, MCH and RDW

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9
Q

red cell criteria

A

anisocytosis - RBCs of different sizes = big or small, can indicate anaemia

colour - hypochromic/ pallor = indicates Hb content

shape/ poikilocytosis = an increase in abnormal RBC shapes can indicate a certain disease

polychromasia = more immature RBs than normal

inclusions - Howell-Jolly bodies as DNA material, Hinz bodies as denatured Hb

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10
Q

white cell analysis criteria

A

numbers/ white cell count

normal morphology

immature cell - myelocytes, precursors of lymphoid/ myeloid cells

abnormal cells - blasts, atypical lymphoid cells

inclusions

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11
Q

what is an automated blood analyser?

A

uses optical scatter methods to analyse blood cells and provide quantitative data on specific parameters

data represented on a computer cytogram with different blood cell populations represented in distinct clusters

flags up abnormalities - these require manual blood film examination

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12
Q

advantages of automated blood analysers?

A

efficiency and cost-effectiveness to process a large number of samples

accuracy and precision, quantitative measures

able to perform multiple tests on a single platform

less labour intensive, better for accurately determining red cell indices

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13
Q

disadvantages of automated blood analysers?

A

flagging results requires labour-intensive manual examination of blood smear

comments on red cell morphology can’t be generated - abnormal shape is just flagged

platelet clumps counted as single entities – inaccurate, generates a low count

expensive with high running cost

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14
Q

anaemia - symptoms?

A

tiredness, shortness of breath, ankle swelling

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15
Q

anaemia - blood film & FBC results?

A

low Hb
low red cell count & haematocrit
low MCHC
hypochromic and microcytic cells

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16
Q

macrocytic megablastomic anaemia - blood film & FBC results?

A

macrocytic RBCs of different shapes (poikilocytosis)
high MCV
low platelet count
no neutrophil shift

17
Q

macrocytic megablastomic anaemia - cause? symptoms?

A

previous gastric cancer resulting in a gastrectomy

can be caused by vitamin B12/ folate deficiency - removal of stomach means lack of intrinsic factors to absorb vitamin B12

18
Q

acquired haemolytic anaemia - blood film & FBC?

A

polychromasia - high reticulocytes
high neutrophil and WBC count
jaundice and splenomegaly from RBCs haemolysis
spherocytes - spherical RBCs

19
Q

tear drop poikilocytosis- blood film & FBC?

A

high platelet count
low RBC count/ anaemia - suppressed by high platelet count & secreted growth factors

20
Q

high platelet count in tear drop poikilocytosis- why?

A

myelofibrosis from scar formation in bone marrow (from infiltration malignant disease) = platelet count increases to produce growth factors that promote/ increase bone marrow scar formation

suppresses red cell production as well

21
Q

neutrophil leucocytosis - blood film & FBC?

A

splenomegaly
microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
abnormal shape as acanthocytes or tear-drop RBCs
Rouleaux formation
leucocytosis/ high neutrophil count

22
Q

neutrophil leucocytosis - explain the FBC & blood film results?

A

splenomegaly from removing haemolysed RBCs

microcytic, hypochromic RBCs, acanthocytes or tear-drop shape
- morphologically abnormal RBCs with prickles on membrane or tear-drop shape

Rouleux formation from red cells stacking - result of inflammatory cytokines produced by WBCs

leucocytosis/ high number of neutrophils = high WBC count

23
Q

acute myeloblastic leukaemia - blood film & FBC?

A

low platelet count = easy bruising
immature WBCs/ blast cells present

24
Q

chronic granulocytic anaemia - blood film & FBC?

A

high WBC count - high neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils (granulocytes)

high immature WCBs counts - myelocytes, band neutrophils

normal MCV
low haemotacrit
normal RBC count

25
Q

malaria - blood film & FBC?

A

RBCs have inclusions from invading malaria parasites
specific antigen test for diagnosis

Molecular Basis of Disease (32 decks)

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