16-17 Test

Question 0

Artificial selection

Answer 0

Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence by desirable traits in offspring

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

Question 3

Fitness

Answer 3

How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 4

Natural selection

Answer 4

Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest

Question 5

Biogeography

Answer 5

Study of past and present distribution of organisms

Question 6

Homologous structures

Answer 6

Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry

Question 7

Analogous structures

Answer 7

Body parts that share a common function but not structures

Question 8

Vestigial structure

Answer 8

Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function

Question 9

Gene pool

Answer 9

All the genes, including all different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time

Question 10

Allele frequency

Answer 10

Number of times a that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene

Question 11

Single-gene trait

Answer 11

Trait controlled by one gene that has two alleles

Question 12

Polygenic trait

Answer 12

Trait controlled by two or more genes

Question 13

Directional selection

Answer 13

Form of natural selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

Question 14

Stabilizing selection

Answer 14

Form of natural selection in which individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve

Question 15

Distributive selection

Answer 15

Natural selection in which individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve

Question 16

Genetic drift

Answer 16

Random change in allele frequency caused by series of chance occurrences that cause an allele to become more or less common in a population

Question 17

Founder effect

Answer 17

Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a pollution