16/17- Cancer Biology Flashcards
leading cause of death in developed nations
cancer
define cancer
group of many diseases of uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local tissue infiltration, and distant metastases
develop from epithelial cells that originate from ectodermal or endodermal tissue
carcinomas
most common
originate from mesodermal tissues
sarcomas
neoplasms that typically involve the bone marrow and peripheral blood
leukemia
neoplastic proliferation of B or T lymphocytes that commonly present as masses within lymph nodes or other soft tissues
lymphomas
Hodgkin’s lymphomas
abnormal type of B lymphocyte
plasma cell diseases
myelomas
Name some Hallmarks of Cancer
- sustained proliferative signaling
- evading growth suppressors
- avoiding immune destruction
- enabling replicative immortality
- tumor promoting inflammation
- activating invasion and metastasis
- inducing angiogenesis
- genome instability and mutation
- resisting cell death
- deregulating cellular energetics
genes the encode proteins that facilitate normal cellular growth
proto-oncogenes
mutation –> oncogene: cause constitutive activity, significant increases in expression, or degradation resistant
30% of all tumors
involve c-ras protooncogene
cell cycle: synthesis of cellular components needed for DNA synthesis
G1
cell cycle: replication of DNA genome
S
cell cycle: synthesis of cellular components for mitosis
G2
G2/M checkpoint
Is DNA completely replicated? –> enter mitosis
