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Chapter 16-17 > 16-17 > Flashcards

16-17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries

A

Chemoreceptors

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2
Q

A (long, short) blood vessel with a (small,large) diameter would heave the greatest resistance to blood flow.

A

Long

Small

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle) to the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle)

A

Right
Ventricle
Left
Atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content

A

Pulmonary veins

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5
Q

From which mood blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart

A

Systemic

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7
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich to substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Hepatic portal

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8
Q

(Arteries, veins) (closet to, farthest from) the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins

Closet to

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily to due which Factor

A

Friction between blood walls

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10
Q

When left ventricle contracts what term is given to the pressure on artists that is generated

A

Systolic

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11
Q

In the fetal circulation which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta allowing much blood to bypass the lungs

A

Ductus

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12
Q

Stimulation of the ___ would cause the heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus herve

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13
Q

In the fetus what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium. To the left atrium

A

Foremen ovale

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14
Q

With aging cardiac muscle fibers ____ in size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as _____ immunity

A

Innale

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16
Q

The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

As blood passes from superior and inferior vena cave to the lungs it moves through the (right,left) (atrium, ventricle) to the (right,left) (atrium, ventricle) and out the (pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins)

A 
Right 
Atrium 
Right 
Ventricle 
Pulmonary trunk
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18
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with Hugh blood pressure

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels with fastest flow

A

Arteries

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21
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

Vessels with slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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24
Q

Vessels with a thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

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25
Q

Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells

A

Capillaries

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26
Q

Vessels with the smallest internal diameter

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

Vessels with a very thin muscle layer

A

Veins

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28
Q

Vessels that exhibit a pulse

A

Arteries

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29
Q

Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body

A

Capillaries

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30
Q

Known as “exchange vessels”

A

Capillaries

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31
Q

What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly

A

T-cells

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32
Q

What name is given to blood flow from the heart to lungs

A

Pulmonary

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33
Q

Blood pressure is measured by listening for constricted ____ to “pop” open

A

Artery

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34
Q

The back flow of fluid in veins and lymphatic system is prevented by____.

A

Valves

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35
Q

The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells

A

Transport

36
Q

Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle

A

Middle layer

37
Q

Venous blood return to the heart due to ___ movements and sketetal muscular contractions

A

Diaphragm movement

38
Q

Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse

A

Radical, brachial, popliteal, doral, carotid

39
Q

What are the two main methods of capillary exchange

A

Filtration and reabsorption

40
Q

Blood pressure is read with a(an)

A

Syhgymomanometer

41
Q

Blood typically flows from the heart first to___‘then to__ then to___

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins

42
Q

What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue

A

Capillaries

43
Q

The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called__ blood pressure

A

Systolic

44
Q

The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows

A

Lumen

45
Q

Lymph is very similar to the body fluid

A

Interstitial

46
Q

Structurally lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

A

Veins

47
Q

Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal (75/105),(108/68),(75/90),(150/100)

A

(108/68)

48
Q

Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir

A

Veins

49
Q

The pulmonary circulation carriers blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber

A

Left atrium

50
Q

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

A

Placenta

51
Q

Name some factors that vascular resistance related to

A

Blood viscosity, blood vessels, length and radius

52
Q

At rest most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels

A

Veins

53
Q

In an overweight person the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance

A

Length of vessel

54
Q

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

A

Antigen

55
Q

Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure

A

Bararecptors

56
Q

Blood pressure would increase with a (increase,decrease) in heart rate (increase,decrease) in vascular resistance, (increase,decrease) in blood volume, (increase,decrease) in water retention

A

.increase
Increase
Increase
Increase

57
Q

How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased cardiac output, decreased blood volume, water retention, increased vascular resistance, increased production of epinephrine

A 
Increase
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Increase
58
Q

Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses

A

Interferons

59
Q

Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here

A

Carotid artery

60
Q

List some functions of the lymphatic system

A

Drains interstitial fluid, transport lipids from GI to blood, immune response

61
Q

All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel

A

Subclavian vein

62
Q

How oiled the following affect vascular resistance? Blood viscosity increases, blood viscosity increases, increased blood vessel diameter,
Being in arteries compared to capillaries, increasing blood vessel length

A 
Increased
Increased
Decreased
Decreased
Increased
63
Q

Slow resting heart rate

A

Bradycardia

64
Q

Saclike dilation of the artery wall

A

Aneurysm

65
Q

Stretching of walls of veins, especially around valves

A

Various veins

66
Q

Inflammation of vein

A

Phlebitis

67
Q

Low oxygen availability

A

Hypoxia

68
Q

Persistently high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

69
Q

Rapid resting heart rate

A

Tachycardia

70
Q

High amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Hypercapnia

71
Q

List someone structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens

A

Skin, mucous, membrane fluids, movement

72
Q

What are symptoms of inflammation

A

Urinating pain, redness, swelling, heat

73
Q

List some substances that could act antigens

A

Food, bacteria, viruses, pollen

74
Q

When a cell is infected by a virus, what may the cell produce to help

A

Infernos

75
Q

Why are lymph nodes important

A

Filter lymph, lymphocytes

76
Q

What term is given to decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in its walls

A

Vasoconstriction

77
Q

In general what vessels can we see through our skin

A

veins

78
Q

Mucous membranes would be considered to be a ___ line of defense against pathogens

A

First

79
Q

Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum

A

Thymus

80
Q

Name the major components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphynode, lymph, vessels, structure, red marrow

81
Q

Which cells produce antibodies

A

B-cells

82
Q

Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body

A

Spleen

83
Q

Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes

A

Mature B-cells

84
Q

Where are damaged and worn-out red blood cells destroyed

A

Spleen

85
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located

A

Medulla

Chapter 16-17 (1 decks)

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