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Danny's MD3002 Reproductive System > 16-03-23 - Dysfunction of the male system > Flashcards

16-03-23 - Dysfunction of the male system Flashcards

1
Q

Learning outcome

A
  • Describe the stages of pubertal maturation of male genitalia, and endocrine
    1. Recall the causes of hypogonadism in phenotypic males.
    1. Recall the causes of delayed puberty.
    1. Distinguish primary and secondary hypogonadism.
    1. Recall causes of hypogonadism.
    1. Explain the treatment of hypogonadism.
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2
Q

What are the 5 Stages of Pubertal Maturation of Male Genitalia (in picture)?

A
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3
Q

What is the average age for puberty in boys and girls?

A
  • Average age in puberty boys – 14 years
  • Average age in puberty girls – 13 years
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4
Q

Describe the endocrine changes in males and females during puberty (in puberty).

What does LH in men?

What does FSH do in men?

How does puberty affect bone development?

A
  • Endocrine changes in males and females during puberty (in puberty).
  • Increased LH leads to increase plasma testosterone levels
  • FSH controls the seminiferous tubules and promotes spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells
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5
Q

Describe the changing sensitivity of the hypothalamic pulse generator to negative feedback at puberty (in picture)

A
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6
Q

Describe the Endocrine Changes of Puberty (in picture).

How do Leydig and Sertoli cells work together?

What is the role of inhibin?

A
  • Endocrine Changes of Puberty (in picture)
  • The Leydig cells drive spermatogenesis via the secretion of testosterone which acts on the Sertoli (in seminiferous tubules) and/or peritubular cells to create an environment which enables normal progression of germ cells through stage VII of the spermatogenic cycle
  • Inhibin controls FSH secretion in males
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7
Q

What are the 3 Causes of Hypogonadism in Phenotypic Males?

What are the test, LH, and FSH levels expected in each cause?

A
  • 3 Causes of Hypogonadism in Phenotypic Males:

1) Temporary delay of puberty
* Low test, FSH, LH

2) Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
* Always low test, FSH, LH

3) Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
* Low test, High FSH and LH

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8
Q

What are 3 causes of a Temporary delay of puberty?

A
  • 3 causes of a Temporary delay of puberty?

1) Constitutional delay of puberty (familial, sporadic) (most common)

2) Chronic illness eg. Malabsorption, malnutrition, malignancy

3) Hormonal disturbance eg. GH deficiency, hypothyroidism

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9
Q

What are 2 causes of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

A
  • 2 causes of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism:

1) Kallman’s Syndrome (with anosmia – partial or full loss of smell)

2) Hypopituitarism eg. Tumour, trauma

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10
Q

What are 5 causes of Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?

A
  • 5 causes of Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism:

1) Klinefelter’s Syndrome (XXY)

2) Anorchia
* absence of both testes at birth

3) Orchitis (eg. Mumps)

4) Radiation treatment and/or cytoxic chemotherapy (eg leukaemia)

5) Surgical or traumatic castration

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11
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15
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16
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17
Q

What can cause arrested puberty in females?

A
  • In females, anorexia nervosa can lead to arrested puberty
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27
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What are 6 symptoms/consequences of male hypogonadism?

A
  • 6 symptoms/consequences of male hypogonadism:
    1) Sexual dysfunction
    2) Fatigue
    3) Depressed mood
    4) Osteoporosis
    5) Decrease in muscle mass and strength
    6) Loss of facial and body hair
28
Q

How are the following causes of delayed puberty treated:
1) Constitutional delay
2) Hypergonadotropic
3) Hypogonadotropic

A
  • How the following causes of delayed puberty treated:

1) Constitutional delay
* Short term low-dose sex steroid treatment

2) Hypergonadotropic
* Sex steroid treatment

3) Hypogonadotropic
* Sex steroid replacement
* GnRH administration

29
Q

What are 5 different current therapies for testosterone replacement?

A
  • 5 different current therapies for testosterone replacement:
    1) Intramuscular injection every 2-3 weeks
    2) Oral – 3-4 times daily
    3) Subcutaneous pellets – every 4-6 months
    4) Transdermal
    5) Buccal

Danny's MD3002 Reproductive System (32 decks)

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