15.6.2 ADHD

Question 1

5 executive functions that can be linked to symptoms of ADHD

Answer 1

1. Inhibition: Difficulty in controlling impulses and regulating behavior. (Impulsivity; Hyperactivity)
2. Working Memory: Struggles with holding and manipulating information in mind.
3. Shift: Challenges in shifting attention or adapting to changes in tasks.
4. Emotional Control: Difficulty managing emotions and frustration.
5. Initiation: Trouble starting tasks, especially those that are less engaging.

5 symptoms:
- inhibit behaviour (impulsivity; hyperactivity)
- use visual imagery (inattention)
- talk to yourself (inattention)
- control your emotions (impulsivity)
- plan and problem solve

Question 2

Define ADHD

Answer 2

ADHD- attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder

Question 3

Types of presentation

Answer 3

• inattentiveness
• hyperactivity
• impulsivity

Question 4

DSM-5: age of first symptoms

Answer 4

Symptoms may present before the age of 12

Question 5

ADHD
Causes
Risk factors

Answer 5

Causes
- multifactorial (genetic + environmental)
- neuro-biological disorder (mainly genetically)
- catecholaminergic dysregulation (dopamine & nor-adrenaline)
- brain volume reduction
- delay in cortical maturation

Question 6

What is Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in ADHD?

Question 7

Real-life example of Working Memory problems in ADHD

Question 8

What are the comorbidities of ADHD?

Question 9

Changes in ADHD symptoms from childhood to adulthood

Question 10

Symptoms of inattention in a primary school child

Answer 10

Listed in a table