W2 Chapter 4.1 - Types And Traits Flashcards
What were Galen’s (AD 150) the four types that people were though to be divided?
- Choleric (irritable)
- Melancholic (depressed)
- Sanguine (optimistic)
- Phlegmatic (calm)
What two traits did Jung (1933) argue people possessed?
- Introvert
- Extrovert
What is the definition of introvert?
A person who prefers solitary activities
What is the definition of extrovert?
A person who prefers to spend time with others
What is the definition of types?
Distinct and discontinuous categories of persons
What is the definition of traits?
Continuous dimension of personality on which people vary
What is the difference between types and traits?
Types are discontinuous while traits occupy a spectrum
What is another name for trait theory of personality?
The dimensional approach
In trait theories are differences among people seen at qualitative or quantitative?
Quantitative
What is the definition of nomothetic?
The belief that traits exist in the same way in every person
What is the definition of idiographic?
Pertaining to an approach that focuses on an individual person’s uniqueness
Describe the nomothetic approach
This view holds that everyone stands somewhere on each trait that exists, and allows for comparisons among people
Describe the idiographic approach to personality traits
A given trait may exist for only one person. If the term applies to two people its connotations differ from one another. If the connotations are the same the trait may differ in importance.
What is the key difference between the nomothetic and idiographic approach to trait theory?
In the idiographic approach people cannot be compared while they can in the nomothetic approach
