15.4 Anatomy: Joints of the upper limb 2 Flashcards
What type of joints are the elbow joint and the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Hinge
Pivot
What are the articular surfaces of the humerus distally?
Trochlea (coronoid, olecranon)
Capitulum (radial fossa)
What is attached to the medial epicondyle?
What is attached to the lateral epicondyle?
What are they origins of?
Medial collateral ligament (origin of superficial flexors of the forearm)
Lateral collateral ligament (origin of superficial extensors)
What is the last elbow epiphysis to fuse?
Medial epicondyle (19-21)
What rotates in pronation/supination? (forearm)
Radius, hence lateral collateral ligament attaching to another ligament-annular
What structure passes behind the medial epicondyle?
What can Cubitus Valgus lead to?
Ulnar nerve
Friction on ulnar nerve (carrying angle)
Is the elbow joint stable?
What fills the fossae?
Stable due to deep bony fossa
Fat pads fill fossae (when not occupied by bone)
What type of epiphyses are the epicondyles? (elbow)
Traction epiphyses
What holds the proximal head of the radius?
Annular ligament (loose in children, radial head can be pulled out)
What links the radius and the ulna?
what is the clinical significance of this?
Interosseous membrane (transmits forces, fractures of radius often associated with ulna)
What is ‘student’s elbow’?
Olecranon bursitis
What is the most common direction of dislocation at the elbow?
What is the clinical significance of this?
Posterior dislocation (fracture of coronoid process may occur)
-stretch and spasm of brachial artery–>ischaemia of forearm muscles
‘Volkmann’s ischaemia’
What is susceptible in fracture of the medial epicondyle of the elbow?
Ulnar nerve
