15.3 Flashcards
Polyploidy
Condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes
Triploidy
(3n) 3 sets of chromosomes
Tetraploidy
(4n) 4 sets of chromosomes
Polyploids are more ___ in appearance than aneuploidss
Normal
4 alterations of chromosome structure
Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation
What is inversion?
Reverses orientation of a segment with a chromosome
What is translocation?
Moves a segment from one chromosome to another
Syndrome
Characteristic type of aneuploidy
Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes produces a variety of ___ conditions
Aneuploid
Klinefelter syndrome
The result of an extra chromosome in a male, producing XXY individuals
Turner syndrome
Produces XO females who are sterile and only known viable monosomy in humasn
Genomic imprinting
Variation in phenotype
Silencing
Involved in genomic imprinting
Some ____ ____ are exceptions to standard Mendelian inheritance
Inheritance patterns
Cysteine methylation
Imprinting is the result of addition of CH3
Embryonic development
Critical for imprinted genes
Extranuclear genes
Cytoplasmic genes inherited maternally
Small circular DNA
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other plant plastids
