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Henry VIII Foriegn Policy > 1510-1547 > Flashcards

1510-1547 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the renewal of treaty of etaples

A

Alliance between England and France organised by Henry’s councillors

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2
Q

How did Henry defy treaty of etaples

A

He formed an anti-french alliance by joining the holy league in 1511
League of Cambrai

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3
Q

Why did the the 1512 french invasion fail

A

Insecure alliance with Ferdinand meant he didn’t give the support promised

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4
Q

What happened in the first french invasion

A

Thomas Grey sent 10000 men to reconquer Aquitaine which was lost in 100 year war
Ferdinand captured Navarre instead leaving English soldiers starving an defeated

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5
Q

What happened at the battle of Spurs

A

Henry and Maximilian sent 30000 troops to besiege thouranne. Successful- resulted in the capture of thouranne and tournai

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6
Q

Failures of battle of spurs

A

Expensive- Henry had to liquidate assets from inheritance
Led to discontent in Yorkshire due to loss of french pension
Tournai later returned to France

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7
Q

What happened at the battle of flidden

A

James IV and 30000 troops besieged English castles on border
Earl of Surrey and 26000 troops defeated the Scots and killed James

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8
Q

What was the problem with the battle of flodden

A

Henry didn’t use the success and vulnerable position of Scotland to his advantage

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9
Q

What was considered in 1514

A

Another french campaign but Ferdinand and Maximilian made peace which forced Wolsey to have to renegotiate french pension and secure a marriage alliance

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10
Q

What marriage alliance occurred in 1515

A

Louis XII of France and Mary’s marriage

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11
Q

What was the issue with Mary and Louis’ marriage?

A

He died in 1516 and Mary married the duke of Suffolk, meaning she was invaluable for diplomatic purposes

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12
Q

Why didn’t Henry react after the battle of flidden

A

He ran out of money, meaning he needed to remain allies with France
1514-1526= minority power
Auld alliance between Scotland and France remained strong

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13
Q

What happens in 1515

A

Francis succeeds Louis which Henry saw as a threat - henry wanted an alliance with Ferdinand

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14
Q

Who is Ferdinand succeeded by

A

Charles V- wanted an alliance with France

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15
Q

What was the treat of noyon

A

1516- alliance between Francis and Charles

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16
Q

What was the treaty of Cambrai

A

Treat between Charles and Maximilian and Francis- peace between HRE

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17
Q

Consequence of the treaty of Cambrai

A

Left England isolated
France undermine Anglo-Scot relations through Duke of Albany (part of French nobility)
Threat minimised due to Scottish divisions among nobility- Henry didn’t exploit divisions

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18
Q

Who was Duke of Albany

A

Presumptive Scottish heir- part of french nobility

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19
Q

What happened in the treaty of London

A

Non aggression pact between England, France, Spain, HRE.

Tournai returned to France and french pension continued

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20
Q

Purpose of treaty of London

A

Organised by Wolsey to end English isolation

Prompted by pope Leo X who wanted a Christian front against ottoman Turks

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21
Q

How did Charles I election as HRE affect French attitudes

A

They were concerned over the amount of power he had

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22
Q

What happened at the Field of the cloth of gold

A

Lavish 2 week event for Henry and Francis
Diplomatically nothing achieved
Did achieve honour and glory

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23
Q

How much was spent of the FoCoG

A

£15000

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24
Q

Who was involved in the treaty of Burges

A

England and Spain

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25
Q

Motives for treaty of bruges

A

Improve papal relations
Gain french territory
Form marriage alliance between Mary and Charles

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26
Q

What did the treaty of Burges lead to

A

2nd french war campaign

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27
Q

What happened in the 2nd french campaign

A

English troops partnered with Charles to defeat France but were unsuccessful

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28
Q

Issues caused by the 2nd french campaign

A

Expensive- caused a dry spell of campaigns

Parliament refused to raise extraordinary revenue

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29
Q

What did Henry do after seeing Charles’ success in the battle of pavia

A

Suggested they both invade northern France for territorial gains
Charles refused

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30
Q

What was the effects of the amicable grant

A

Revealed the public’s dislike for the venture and led to fall of Wolsey
Led to Suffolk rebellion

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31
Q

Why was pavia important

A

Crucial in Italian wars- Francis captured by Charles V and the battle revealed Charles’ power

32
Q

Consequences of battle of pavia

A

Bruised ego
Resentment for Charles when he ended marriage agreement
Wolsey prestige decreased domestically

33
Q

What was the league of Cognac

A

Anti imperial alliance set up by pope who was concerned at the amount of power Charles obtained
Pro-France

34
Q

Why was the league of cognac bad for Henry

A

He couldn’t be enemies with Charles whilst the great matter was occurring
He couldn’t solve GM issues diplomatically, showing him as a minor power

35
Q

What happened in the Sack of Rome?

A

Pope Clement kidnapped by Charles (showing his power)

36
Q

What was the treaty of Amien

A

England forced to make french alliance (anti imperial)

37
Q

What did Wolsey do in 1527 to pressurise the the Emperor

A

Imposed trade embargos with Burgundian lands- Charles retaliation led to unemployment and social issues in England

38
Q

What happened in 1929

A

France defeated Landriano

39
Q

What was the peace of Cambrai

A

Ended war between Francis and Charles and confirmed Spanish hegemony in Italy
Showed Charles dominance over the pope

40
Q

What did Charles’ strength endure for Henry (1929)

A

Ensured Henry couldn’t resolve his marital issues diplomatically.

41
Q

Who did Henry blame his failure on the great matter on

A

Wolsey, leading to his downfall

42
Q

Who created an alliance in 1532

A

Defender alliance between France and England

Both weak but hoped to apply pressure on Charles

43
Q

When did England and Frances’ defence alliance deteriorate

A

When Francis sought a marriage between his son and the Pope’s niece Catherine de Merci

44
Q

What happened in 1533

A

Break with Rome began

45
Q

How threatening was the break with Rome for Henry

A

Not very because Charles was preoccupied with the Ottoman Turks

46
Q

What was the league of schmalkadic

A

(1533) Protestant alliance to reinforce Henry’s position

47
Q

What was the effect of the death of Catherine and Anne on henry?

A

It was good because it created an opportunity to renew alliance with HRE

48
Q

When was the renewal of fighting between Charles and Francis and how did this affect Henry

A

1536

Reduced potential for danger (created from England’s isolated position

49
Q

What did the effect of the truce of nice have on Henry

A

Short lived relief as it meant France and spin had made peace once again

50
Q

What did pope Paul III publish

A

A bull encouraging catholics to obey god over their ruler

51
Q

Who did the pope send envoys to and what did

A

France and Scotland, encouraging a Catholic crusade

52
Q

Why wasn’t there much of a threat of a Catholic crusade

A

Francis and Charles still didn’t trust each-other and had other priorities

53
Q

What shoes Henry took the threat of a crusade seriously

A

Six articles act (1539)

Marriage to Anne of cleves (1540)

54
Q

What Alliance surrounded his marriage to Anne

A

2nd attempt at alliance with the schmalkadic league

55
Q

Was the schmalkadic league alliance long term

A

No it dissolved quickly

Francis and Charles ended their friendship making Henry’s marriage less important anyway

56
Q

How does foreign policy change from 1530s to 1540s

A

Returns to more aggressive foreign policy

57
Q

What occurs in the battle of Solway moss

A

15000 Scots v 3000 English
Scots were unorganised and lost
James v died

58
Q

Cause of the battle of Solway moss

A

James v refused to break with Rome

James married Mary of Guise -relative of french king- pro-French policy

59
Q

Effects of the battle of Solway moss

A

1 week old baby left as Scottish heir- leaving Scotland vulnerable
Henry didn’t invade when he could have and turned to diplomatic pressure instead
His focus was on glory in France

60
Q

What was the reason for the ‘rough wooing’

A

To form a marriage alliance between Mary QoS and Prince Edward

61
Q

What did the rough wooing result in

A

Treaty of Greenwich- formally declared the betrothed

62
Q

What was a failure surrounding the treaty of Greenwich

A

Scottish Parliament refused to ratify treaty

63
Q

What did Scottish Parliament’s refusal lead to

A

Earl of Hertford to Cary out a raid in Edinburgh, Lutin, and St. Andrews

64
Q

What happened in the capture of bolougne (1544)

A

Henry agreed alliance with Charles

Army confined itself to Calais, capturing Boulogne

65
Q

What did England unsuccessfully besiege in the Scottish invasion

A

Montreuil

66
Q

What was a problem once England had captured Boulogne

A

Francis and Charles had made peace

67
Q

How did the situation worsen for Henry in 1545

A

Francis sent troops to Scotland to reinforce possible Scottish invasion of England

68
Q

What was the result of the battle of Ancrum Moor

A

Defeated (Scottish war)

69
Q

Where was the french counter invasion and when?

A

Isle of Wight

1545

70
Q

Positives in 1546 (after french and Scottish invasions)

A

French failed to recapture Boulogne
Invasion of Northern England never materialised
Agreed peace as neither side could afford more war

71
Q

Negatives found in 1546

A

Henry was unable to find war with extraordinary revenue - had to sell lots of crown estate and debase the coinage

72
Q

What was the Peace of Ardes

A

Peace treaty signed in 1546 between France and England

73
Q

How many prisoners were taken at the battle of solway moss

A

1000

74
Q

How many troops at the capture of Boulogne

A

48,000 to Calais

75
Q

Where did Charles and Francis’ peace treaty take place in the capture of Boulogne

A

Treaty at Crepy

76
Q

How much did war against France cost

A

£2 million

Henry VIII Foriegn Policy (3 decks)

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