15.1- NEURONES AND NERVOUS COORDINATION Flashcards
What have cells lost as they have specialised in one fiunction?
ability to perform other functions
As cells become specialised and lose their ability to perform other functions, what do they do?
depend upon others to carry out functions they no longer specialise in
What are the two main forms of coordination in animals as a whole?
the nervous system and the hormonal system
What does the nervous system use to pass electrical impulses along their length?
nerve cells
How does the nervous system stimulate their target cells?
by secreting chemicals called neurotransmitters directly on them
What does neurotransmitters being secreted directly on to target cells result in? (nervous system)
rapid communication between specific parts of organism
What are the responses produced by the nervous system described as?
short-lived + restricted to localised region of body
What does the hormonal system produce and where it transported through to?
produced chemicals (hormones) that are transported in blood plasma to target cells
What do the target cells have and what stimulates them? (hormonal system)
specific receptors on their cell-surface membranes + change in conc. of hormones stimulate them
What sort of communication does the hormonal system produce?
slower, less specific form of communication between parts of organism
What are the responses produced by the hormonal system described as?
long-lasting + widespread
What are neurones adapted to do?
rapidly carry electrochemical changes called nerve impulses from one part of body to another
What is a mammalian motor neurone made up of? (6)
cell body dendrons axon Schwann cells myelin sheath nodes of Ranvier
What does the cell body of a mammalian motor neurone contain?
all the usual cell organelles, including a nucleus + large amounts of rough ER
What is the cell body of a mammalian motor neurone associated with?
production of proteins + neurotransmitters
