15.1-15.5 Flashcards
why is genetic engg possible
because the genetic code and structure of DNA is universal among all lifeforms
ways for genetic modification
gene targeting
gene therapy
what is gene targeting
gene can be removed or “knocked-out” or introduced to a genome to create “knock in”
product of adding gene from one species to another
transgenic organism
foreign gene
transgenes
dna combined from different sources
recombinant dna
responsible for cutting vector and donor DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
restriction endonucleases
responsible for sealing sugar-phosphate backbone where gene of interest and plasmid connect
DNA ligase
how can scientists check for errors in their recombinant dna
nucelotide sequencing - help identify bacteria colonies that carry plasmids with correct insert
how do scientists achieve detection or purification of desired protein
a tag or reporter (protein used to identify gene product) is attached to desired protein to create fusion or chimeric gene
applications of recombinant dna technology
produces human insulin – treatment for diabetes
makes human growth hormones - for patients with GH deficiency
recomb. mamalian cells produce factor VIII - protein required for normal blood clotting - treatment for hemophilia
APPLICTIONS IN AGRI of recomn dna
gmo - bt corn
SCID
severe combined immunodeficiency
techniques of transgenesis
biological - transduction -virus-mediated introduction of foreign DNA into a host cell genome
chemical - Based on formation of a ca3(po4)2/ dna precipitate
physical- Microinjection -uses thin glass needle to manually insert genetic materials into cells
soil-dwelling, pathogenic bacterium that infect plants and integrate their plasmid dna into plant’s genome
rhizobium radiobacter
scientist modify so plasmid can carry a transgene
R. radiobacter
