Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Engines > 15.01 FUNDAMENTALS > Flashcards

15.01 FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the unit of Force, Work, Power, Mass, Energy Weight, Velocity and Acceleration?

A 
Newtons
Joules
Watts
Kg
Joules
Newtons
m/s
m/s^2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ‘g’?

A

The acceleration due to gravity

9.8m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
What are the formulae for:
- Weight
- Force
- Work
- Power
- PE
And KE?
A
  • Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity
  • Force = mass x acceleration
  • Work = Force x distance
  • Power = Work/Time
  • PE = mass x acceleration due to gravity x height
  • KE = 0.5 x mass x velocity^2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Newtons 1st Law of motion?

A

An body will remain at rest or a constant state of motion unless acted on by an external force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Newtons 1st Law of motion otherwise known as?

A

The Law of Inertia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Newtons 2nd Law of motion?

A

Acceleration produced in a mass by a force acting on it is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which law describes the production of thrust?

A

Newtons 2nd Law of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Newtons 3rd Law of motion otherwise referred to as?

A

The Law of Action and Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does Newtons 3rd Law of Motion state?

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

If object A exerts a force on object B then object B must exert an equal and opposite force on object A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of Newton’s laws relate to Gas Turbine Engines?

A

Newtons 2nd and 3rd law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two forms of mechanical energy?

A

Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the working fluid of a Gas Turbine Engine?

A

Air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does GTE stand for?

A

Gas Turbine Engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What must happen to the air in order to create thrust?

A

The air must be accelerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the air in an engine accelerated? (3)

A
  • pressure energy is increased
  • addition of heat energy
  • final conversion back to kinetic energy in the form of a high velocity jet efflux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Brayton Cycle?

A

Process of a GTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the processes of a GTE?

A

Induction
Compression
Combustion
Exhaust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is another name for a piston engine?

A

Reciprocating engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between the Brayton cycle and the reciprocating engine?

A

The reciprocating engine processes are intermittent (one after the other) whereas in a GTE the processes occur continuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an advantage of the GTE working continuously compared to the reciprocating engine?

A

Carries out the processes simultaneously shich enables more fuel to be burnt over a shorter period of time which produces a greater power for a given size of engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is heating at a constant pressure otherwise known as?

A

Isobaric heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the peak pressures of piston engines undergoing isobaric heating?

A

In excess of 1000psi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When would piston engines be suitable?

A

For smaller aircraft at lower altitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of engine uses higher octane fuels?

A

Piston engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Besides thrust, what do the aircraft engines also supply?

A

Hydraulic Power
Electrical Power
Bleed Air for Pneumatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the two types of aircraft engines?

A

Piston engines

GTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What type of aircraft is more fuel efficient?

A

Piston engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the different types of GTE? (4)

A

Turbojet
Turbofan
Turboprop
APU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of GTE is mainly used on modern aircraft?

A

Turbofan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a characteristic of the turbofan?

A

Higher aircraft speeds possible with good engine efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What were the first types of gas turbine engines used on aircraft?

A

Turbojets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a disadvantage of the turbojet?

A

Can be very loud due to high exhaust gas velocities and require too much fuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are turboprops specificallt designed for?

A

To produce shaft horsepower only which is used to drive the propeller

34
Q

What are turboprops usually installed on?

A

Small commuter aircraft

35
Q

What is the APU used for?

A

To supply the aircraft with electric and pneumatic power if the main engines are not available

36
Q

What is an advantage of the APU?

A

It is independent of airport equipment

37
Q

What is Jet Propulsion?

A

The propelling force generated in the opposite direction to the flow of mass through the jet nozzle

38
Q

What is an engine using jet propulsion otherwise known as?

A

Reaction engine

39
Q

What law does jet propulsion relate to?

A

Newtons erd Law of motion

40
Q

Which engine is likely to be more efficient, turbojet or turbofan?

A

Turbofan

41
Q

How does a turbojet create thrust?

A

Accelerates a small quantity of ambient air to a high velocity

42
Q

What is the purpose of a turbojet?

A

Designed to produce high velocity gases

43
Q

How does a turboprop create thrust?

A

A small acceleration of a large quantity of air with a propeller

44
Q

What is always required with a turboprop and why?

A

A reduction gear to reduce the high gas turbine engine rotation to speeds that the propeller can manage

45
Q

What ar esome advantages of turboprops to turbo jets?

A

Easier to start

More efficient

46
Q

What is a disadvantage of a turboprop?

A

Propellers do not permit high aircraft speeds

47
Q

What is the difference between a turbo fan and a turboprop? (2)

A
  • Instead of a prop, the turbo fan includes a fan enclosed in a casing
  • Turbofan does not require a reduction gear to reduce the speed of the fan
48
Q

What is the fan always driven by in a turbofan engine?

A

The turbine via a drive shaft

49
Q

How does a turbofan create thrust?

A

Fan accelerates a high airflow to a relatively low outlet velocity

50
Q

What is the total thrust of a turbofan engine equal to?

A

The sum of the thurst developed by the core engine and the fan

51
Q

How much more total thrust can a turbofan produce?

A

More than 80%

52
Q

What is the increased total thrust by the fan primarily dependent on?

A

The bypass ratio

53
Q

What produces the most thrust on a turbofan?

A

Fan

54
Q

What is the bypass ratio?

A

The ratio thatbpasses through thr fan duct compared to the air that passes through the core engine

55
Q

On modern fan engines what is the bypass ratio?

A

Between 4.1 and 9.1

56
Q

Which type of GTE gives the most thrust?

A

Turbojet

57
Q

What is an advantage of a prop-fan?

A

Using up to 20% less fuel than high bypass engines as they have a bypass ratio of 90:1

58
Q

Why are prop-fans not used on modern jet aircraft?

A

Difficult to mount

59
Q

What are the 2 types of constructions?

A

Modular

Non-modular

60
Q

What does modular mean?

A

Built in modules

61
Q

Turbofan engines are normally what type of construction?

A

Modular

62
Q

What type of construction are modern engines?

A

Modular

63
Q

What is an advantage of non-modular engines?

A

Saves weight with the same functions as a modular construction

64
Q

What are modular engine constructions specifically designed to do?

A

Remove and be replaced easily

65
Q

What does the number of modules depend on?

A

The manufacturer and the engine type

66
Q

What are some advantages of a modular engine construction for the engine manufacturer? (4)

A
  • the rotating module parts can be pre-balanced
  • less spare engines are needed in stock
  • more flexibility when changes are made to individual parts
  • main engine modules can be easily stored and transported
67
Q

What are some advantages for the engine operator if modular engine constructions are being used? (4)

A
  • modules can be removed and replaced with minimum disturbance to nearby engine parts
  • no re-balancing is required after a module change
  • most modules can be rellaced while the engine remains on the aircraft
  • less need for spare parts and the modules are easily transported
68
Q

What are the major engine modules? (4)

A

Fan module
Core module
Accessory drive module
Low pressure turbine module

69
Q

What are the different types of materials used for different parts of the engine? (7)

A
  • aluminium alloy
  • ceramic material
  • composite material
  • cobalt base alloy
  • nickel base alloy
  • CRES
  • titanium base alloy
70
Q

What qualities should engine material have?

A

Strong enough for individual tasks but cheap and light enough

71
Q

What parts of the engine are mainly made of Aluminium Alloy? (3)

A

Main gear box
Fan exit case
Fan case

72
Q

What material is used to make the Flow Path Liner, outlet guide vanes and soinner cone?

A

Composite material

73
Q

What parts of the engine are made of Ceramic material? (2)

A

Diffuser case and combuster

High pressure turbine

74
Q

What material is the turbine exhaust case, N1 drive shaft and engine bearings made of?

A

CRES

75
Q

Where can cobalt base alloys be found in the engine? (2)

A

Stators of the first stage high pressure turbine

Turbine nozzle

76
Q

What parts of the engine is made of titanium base alloys? (3)

A

Fan
Low pressure compressor
High pressure compressor

77
Q

What are nickel base alloys good at doing?

A

Withstanding high centrifugal loads at high temperatures

78
Q

What parts of the engine are made of Nickel base alloys? (4)

A

HPC
Diffuser case and combuster
HPT
LPT

79
Q

What is the low pressure drive shaft otherwise known as?

A

N1

80
Q

What is titaniums advantages (1) and disadvantages (1)?

A
  • lighter but has the same strength as steel

- more expensive

Engines (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions