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crime and punishment (history) > 1500-1700 early modern > Flashcards

1500-1700 early modern Flashcards

1
Q

what religious changes did england make in the 16th century

A

the country changed between catholic and protestant monarchs

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2
Q

what happens in 1534

A

Henry VII refused to obey the pope and passed the act of supremacy making him the head of teh church

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3
Q

what did the break from the pope mean for religious authority ine england

A

authority shifted from the pope to the monarch

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4
Q

what happened to teh catholics who stayed loyal to the pope during henrys reign

A

he punished them for treason

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5
Q

why were protestants still punished for heresy under henrys rule

A

because henry still had catholic beliefs

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6
Q

what relgion was edward VI

A

protestant so england moved away from catholicism during his reign

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7
Q

what was the book of common prayer

A

a book of protestant church services that were written in english

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8
Q

when was the book of common prayer introduced and whos reign was it under

A

1549
Edward VI

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9
Q

act of uniformity 1549
whos reign was is under

A

Edward VI

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10
Q

what was the act of uniformity

A

made it compulsory for people to us eth book of common prayer for worship

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11
Q

what impact did mary I have on relgious worship

A
  • she wanted england to turn back to catholicism
  • she overturned henry’s act of supremacy
  • she banned edwards prayer book
  • she executed many protestants fro hersey
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12
Q

when did Elizabeth I become queen

A

1558

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13
Q

what was the 1559 act of uniformity

A

making protestantism the offical faith of england and introducing fines for refusing the attend protestant services

some catholic elements were added in church services as a compromise

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14
Q

why did elizabeths attitude towards catholics chang during her reign

A

her attitude changed due to the fear of catholics plotting against her and 250 catholics were sentenced to death for treason

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15
Q

how did the punishment for heresey change under mary,edward and elizabeths rule

A

Edward - moderate only 2 people punished
Mary - executed hundred for heresy
Elizabetha few catholics were executed for heresy

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16
Q

why was there lots of poverty and unemployment between 1500 and 1560

A

rising population and poor harvests led to food shortages and food prices grew rapidly

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17
Q

what is a vagabond

A

someone without steady employment who moved arounf looking for work or begging

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18
Q

when did vagabonds become problems

A

in the 1500s when the levels of poverty and unemployment rose

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19
Q

what law was made about vagabondage in 1531

A

those who didn’t have a licence to beg were punished by whipping and the stocks

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20
Q

what laws were made about vagabondage in 1547

A

vagrancy act - punished vagabonds by forcing to work as slaves for two years but this was replaced in 1549

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21
Q

what laws were made about vagabondage in 1572

A

vagabonds act
- vagabonds should have a hole burnt through their ear and repeat offenders could be executed
- in place until 1593

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22
Q

what laws were made about vagabondage in 1597

A

act for the relief of the poor
- overseers of the poor had to organise relief for those considered deserving of help
- vagabonds were still punished by whipping

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23
Q

why were vagabonds treated so harshly

A

they were seen as a threat to society and it was feared they would encourage riots and rebellions against the government

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24
Q

what is smuggling

A

moving something into or out of a country illegally

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25
what was being smuggled in the 13th century
wool exports were taxed so people smuggled wool out of the country
26
how was smuggling policed in the 17th century and what was the issue with it
small boat patrols and a force of riding officers had been set up in south to monitor coastline - were not enough officers to be effective as smugglers were prepared to use violence to escape arrest
27
why was poaching a problem in the 17th cnetury
rising levels of poverty lead to poaching to feed families - illegal black market trade in poached meat was common
28
name some traditional law enforcement roles that continued in the early modern period
- justices of peace - constables - sheriffs - watchmen
29
what happened to watchmen in the 17th century
they were still unpaid but by 1700 some were paid and worked in larger towns
30
what was expected of very male householder by the 17th century
to take a turn as a watchman
31
why did people in towns and cities need a better system of law enforcement
because of the increasing population which made crime harder to track
32
what were thief takers
paid individuals to find and capture thieves.
33
what restrictions were put on benefit of teh clergy in 1512
any layman ( non-clergyman) who commited certain crimes like murder and highway robbery could not claim benefit of the clergy
34
what restrictions were put on benefit of the clergy in 1536
clergymen were treated the same way as layman and were no longer protected from commiting 'unclergyable' offences
35
what restrictions were put on the right to claim sanctuary in 1540?
it was removed for more serious crimes like murder arson and rape
36
when did james 1 pass a law that abolished sanctuary
1623
37
what medieval punishments were carried into the early modern
flogging stocks or fines were still used for minor crimes execution was still used for serious crimes like murder and arson burning for heresy commited treason could still be hung drawn and quartered
38
what were debtors and how were they punished
- people who were unable to pay back loans - held in prison until their debts were settled
39
what was a new punishment for vagabonds in 1550
they could be sent to houses of correction where they were made to work
40
how were executions taken place in the early modern period
they were carried out publicly which often drew out large crowds of spectators
41
how was transportation introduced
in 1607 English settlers began to establish colonies in North america and after this criminals could be transported their as punishment
42
what was the bloody code
it increased the number of crimes that could be punishable by death
43
when was elizabeth 1 excommunicated
1570
44
how did the persecution of catholics increase under james 1
- heavier fines of recusancy ( refusing to attend protestant services) - catholics priests were expelled from england
45
when did the gunpowder plot take place
1605
46
who led the gunpowder plot
robert catesby
47
what happened in the gunpowder plot
in 1604 a group of catholics led by robert catesby plotted against the king and take action against the persecution of their religion - plotted to kill james by blowing up gunpowder under parliament on 5th nov 1605 - aimed to put james young daughter on the throne - catholic lord monteagle was warned not to attend parliament but he stayed loyal to the king and told a advisor of the king - guy fawkes was caught with gunpowder in a cellar below parliament - many were captured
48
what was the punishment of the gunpowder plotters
- imprisoned in the tower of london and interrogated - guy fawkes was tortured until he confessed - one died in prison but rest were put on trial for treason - all found guilty - they were all hung drawn and quartered and pieces of their bodies were sent to various areas of london to be displayed
49
what further persecution were put on catholics after the gunpowder plot
- banned from serving in army,voting, or being lawyers - fines for recusancy were increased - had to swear oath of loyalty to monarch
50
what were attitudes towards witchcraft in the medival period
most people believed witchcraft but tolerated it as long as it wasnt used as a crime
51
when was englishs first witchcraft act passed
1542
52
what book was published in the 1400s about iwthcraft and what did it state
malleus maleficarum - in germany - book claimed all witches should be treated as heretics and therefore put to death
53
what did the 1542 witchcraft act state
made witchcraft a crime against the king and against the state which meant it could be tried by the kings judges instead of the church - mad eit possible for harsher punishments like execution to occur
54
how was witchcraft delt with before 1540
all accusations of witchcraft was delt by the church courts which did not punish by execution
55
what book did james the 1st created n witchcraft when and what did it says
demonology - published 1603 - explained his views on the trial and punishment of witches - if they were found guilty they should be executed
56
when did james the first pass his witchcraft act and what did it entell
- 1604 - relfected his persnal intolerance of witchcraft - expanded the use of death penatly to include anyone found guilty of calling up evil spirits or keep familiars
57
what were familiars
sinister animals kept by witches that could command e.g cats,dogs + spiders
58
what were many people like that got accused of being a witch
poor,older women often widows or local 'wise women' who had healing powers - accusations due to grudges with neighbours - suspicious evidence from years ago was used as evidence
59
how were those accused of witchcraft tested to see if they were guilty
- swimming test - searching the body for a devils mark
60
how did relgion have a role in the judgement of the guilt in witch trials
- witches believed to worship the devil rather than god - thought that those who had abdonded god would float in the swimming test as they had been rejected by god.
61
who was matthew hopkins
a witch hunter - between 1645-1647 be was invloved of the trials of 250 accused witches
62
what was matthew hopkins influenced by
demonogly
63
what techniques did matthew hopkins use to persuade the accused to confess
- exhaustion - making the accused stay awake or make them stand for days until they confessed - humiliation - strip searched for the 'devils mark' - which when found was pricked a pin and if the accused felt no pain they could be found guilty
64
what did hopkins created
a pamphelt called 'the discovery of witches' in 1647 which defined witchcraft and justified his methods
65
what were puritans and what did they wnat to do
- thy were extreme protestants who wanted to make england more protestant by removing catholic influence from the church
66
how did the english civil war contribute to the witch hunts
the war increased distrust suspicious and allowed communities to take the law into their own hands making witch hunting worse

crime and punishment (history) (6 decks)

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