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PTA 230 Final > 15. Prosthetics > Flashcards

15. Prosthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What type of prosthetic system is characterized by a hard, plastic outer shell and hallow inside? What’s another name for it?

A

Exoskeletal System - Crustacean

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2
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an Exoskeletal System?

A

Advantages: - Durable Disadvantage: - Cosmetic - Lack of easy adjustments - Increased weight, especially at higher amputation levels

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3
Q

What type of prosthetic system is characterized by a pylon system covered by a soft outer shell? What’s another name for it?

A

Endoskeletal System - Modular

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an Endoskeletal System?

A

Advantages: - Cosmetics - Weighs less, especially at higher amputation levels - Can change components - Permanent alignment adjustability *It is possible to make angular, linear and height changes in the alignment of the prosthesis after it has been finished Disadvantage: - The soft foam cover is less durable and may often need to be replaced

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5
Q

What’s the best ankle foot assembly for a trial or someone with no insurance? Why?

A

SACH Foot - Cheaper than Articulated Foot

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6
Q

Which Prosthetics foot is made up of… - Wooden or Metal Keel - Rubber like body - Wedges - Toe Belting

A

SACH Foot

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7
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an SACH Foot?

A

Advantages: - Cosmesis - Shock absorption - Quiet - Little maintenance *components lighter than articulated foot Disadvantages: - Deterioration of soft material - No torque absorption - Moderate durability

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8
Q

What type of people are SACH Feet contraindicated for?

A
  • Active amputees - Amputees that lack knee stability - Amputees requiring torque absorption or inversion/eversion (saggital foot movement)
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9
Q

What type of action does a uniaxial foot provide?

A

Plantar/Dorsiflexion

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10
Q

Give one type of foot prosthetic that is good for a community level ambulator.

A

Uniaxial (single axis)

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11
Q

What type of indications are SACH Foot for?

A
  • Majority of Lower limb amputees - Juveniles
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12
Q

What type of patient is a Uniaxial Foot Prosthetic indicated for?

A

Patient that requires more knee stability (doesn’t have knee stability)

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13
Q

Which prosthetic foot has the action of… - Toe section that bends by deforming soft material - Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

A

Uniaxial Articulated

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14
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an Uniaxial Prosthetic Foot?

A

Advantages: - Somewhat smoother push-off action - More shock absorption (posterior bumper) - Promotes knee stability (in those lacking) Disadvantages: - Toe sets dorsiflexed (extended) - No torque absorption - Frequent bumper replacement

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15
Q

Which prosthetic foot has components such as… - Toe apron and sole in one piece rubber or polyurethane foam - Belting - Ankle bolt - Plantarflexion bumper (* dorsiflexion bumper in pg.1368)

A

Uniaxial Articulated

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16
Q

What type of patient is a Uniaxial Foot Prosthetic contraindicated for?

A
  • Majority of lower-limb patients (most use SACH Foot) - Active patients (no torque, limited movement) - Patients requiring torque absorption and inversion/eversion
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17
Q

What type of addition can provide the action of… - Internal and external rotation - Adjustable range of rotation

A

Transverse Rotation Unit

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18
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an Transverse Rotation Unit?

A

Advantages: - Absorbs torque - Can be used with SACH foot (*book says also uniaxial foot) - Can be place in shin or thigh section Disadvantages: - Cosmetics - Maintenance - Weight

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19
Q

What type of patient is a Transverse Rotation Unit indicated for?

A
  • Active Patient - Patient requiring torque absorption - Specific functions
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20
Q

What type of patient is a Transverse Rotation Unit contraindicated for?

A
  • A patient that does not require torque absorption
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21
Q

An energy storing device can have only a toe section, but what makes it a true energy storing system?

A

Having a heel and toe energy storing capacity

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22
Q

An athlete that uses an energy storing foot for running typically uses less energy than a healthy limb. T/F

A

False (the stored energy propels them to run very fast and they perform like a normal limbed person. Doesn’t compromise energy or limit endurance)

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23
Q

What is a Dynamic Response Energy Storing Foot’s actions?

A
  • Heel wedge compression - Compression of internal mechanism from midstance to heel-off - Dynamic push-off of keel from stored energy - Some feet provide inversion eversion and rotation
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24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an Energy Storing Feet (Dynamic Response)

A

Advantages: - Smooth gait - Less energy expenditure (vs other prosthetics) - Very light weight - Cosmesis - Dynamic energy component Disadvantages: - Durability of new materials not known - Variety of sizes limited in women and juvenile styles - Expensive

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25
Q

What type of patients are Energy Storing Feet (Dynamic Response) contraindicated for?

A
  • Household ambulators - One speed ambulators
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26
Q

What type of patients are Energy Storing Feet (Dynamic Response) indicated for?

A
  • Active Patient - Community ambulators
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27
Q

Which prosthetic foot has components such as… - Soft heel cushion - High tech material for keel mechanisms - Soft toe function

A

Energy Storing Foot (Dynamic Response)

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28
Q

Which prosthetic addition has components such as… - Rotation inner assembly - Torque bearings

A

Transverse Rotational Unit (Multiaxial)

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29
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a PTB Supracondylar prosthetic?

A

Advantages: - Less restrictive than PTB SC-SP (can have SP without SC. Very unlikely) - Improves cosmesis Disadvantages: - Does not provide a rigid hyperextension stop - Can be difficult to achieve suspension on patients with obese of muscular thighs

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30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a PTB Supracondylar, Suprapatellar prosthetic?

A

Advantages: - Increase the weight bearing surface - Provides a rigid hyperextension stop - Increases M-L stability - Improves cosmesis Disadvantages: - Enclosing patella can inhibit some activities - Difficult to achieve suspension on patients with obese or muscular thighs

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31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a PTB with Supracondylar Cuff prosthetic?

A

Advantages: - Provides good suspension over the patella - Adjustable - Provides kinesthetic hyperextension stop - Can be used in combination with a waist belt Disadvantages: - Can be restrictive in sitting - Does not provide maximum M-L stability - Increased time required to don - Can be uncosmetic

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32
Q

What type of patient is a PTB Supracondylar indicated for?

A

Indications: - Patients who require increased M-L stability - Patients who want unrestricted knee extension* - Patients who request less suspension straps

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33
Q

What type of patient is a PTB Supracondylar, Suprapatellar indicated for?

A
  • Patients with short to very short residual limbs* - Patients requiring increased M-L stability - Patients who request less suspension straps
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34
Q

What type of patient is a PTB Supracondylar with Cuff indicated for?

A
  • Majority of Transtibial amputees* - Patients with good ligamentous structure* - Juvenile amputee* - Patients with longer residual limb lengths
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35
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a PTB Supracondylar with Removable Wall prosthetic?

A

Advantages: - Can be more cosmetic around the proximal thigh - May be easier to don than the conventional PTB SC prosthesis* Disadvantages: - Components can make the prosthesis heavier* - Can increase the bulk around the knee*

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36
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Transtibial Prosthesis with Joints and Corsets?

A

Advantages: - Increases the weight-bearing surface* - Unloads the patient’s limb* - Provides maximum M-L stability* Disadvantages: - Heavy - Uncosmetic - Inherent pistoning*

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37
Q

What type of patient is a PTB Supracondylar with Removable Wall indicated for?

A

Indications: - Patients with large differences between the M-L dimension of the knee and the proximal M-L dimension of the thigh

38
Q

What type of patient is a Transtibial Prosthesis with Joints and Corsets indicated for?

A

Indications: - To increase weight-bearing - To improve M-L stability - Patient preference*

39
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general characteristics to be had of a S.A.C.H.?

A
  • Durability - Simplicity
40
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general characteristics to be had of a Single-Axis?

A
  • Rapid foot flat (plantarflexion after heel strike)
41
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general characteristics to be had of a Multi-Axis?

A
  • Hindfoot Inversion/Eversion - Transverse Rotation
42
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general characteristics to be had of an Elastic Keel?

A
  • Smooth Rollover - Shock Absorbtion
43
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general characteristics to be had of a Dynamic Response?

A
  • Active Push-Off (toe off)
44
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general indication(s) to be had of a S.A.C.H.

A
  • Utility (easy, go to for many) - Juveniles
45
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general indication(s) to be had of a Single-Axis?

A
  • Need of increased knee stability
46
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general indication(s) to be had of a Multi-Axis?

A
  • Accommodate uneven terrain
47
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general indication(s) to be had of an Elastic Keel?

A

Ease of ambulation

48
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what are the general indication(s) to be had of a Dynamic Response?

A

High Activity

49
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how expensive are the cost of a S.A.C.H?

A

Low

50
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how expensive are the cost of a Single-Axis?

A

Low-Moderate

51
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how expensive are the cost of a Multi-Axis?

A

Moderate-High

52
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how expensive are the cost of an Elastic Keel?

A

Moderate

53
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how expensive are the cost of a Dynamic Response?

A

High-Very High

54
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the weight range of a S.A.C.H.?

A

Low-Medium

55
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the weight range of a Single-Axis?

A

Medium-Heavy

56
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the weight range of a Multi-Axis?

A

Medium-Heavy

57
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the weight range of an Elastic Keel?

A

Low/Light-Moderate

58
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the weight range of a Dynamic Response?

A

Very Light-Heavy

59
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how is the reliability of a S.A.C.H.?

A

Very High

60
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how is the reliability of a Single-Axis?

A

Moderate

61
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how is the reliability of a Multi-Axis?

A

Moderate

62
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how is the reliability of an Elastic Keel?

A

Moderate

63
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, how is the reliability of a Dynamic Response?

A

Moderate-High

64
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the performance expectations of a S.A.C.H.

A

Low

65
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the performance expectations of a Single-Axis?

A

Low

66
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the performance expectations of a Multi-Axis?

A

Moderate

67
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the performance expectations of an Elastic Keel?

A

Moderate

68
Q

Within the Overview of Prosthetic Feet, what is the performance expectations of a Dynamic Response?

A

High-Very High

69
Q

What kind of liner should be used for bony residual limbs?

A

Soft Liner

70
Q

What kind of liner should be used for extensively scarred residual limbs?

A

Soft Liner

71
Q

What kind of liner should be used for peripheral/systemic vascular disease?

A

Soft Liner

72
Q

What kind of liner should be used for volumetrically unstable residual limbs?

A

Soft Liner

73
Q

What kind of liner should be used for pt preference?

A

Hard or Soft Liners

74
Q

What kind of liner should be used for well healed soft tissue?

A

Hard Liner

75
Q

What kind of liner should be used for well padded and muscular limbs?

A

Hard Liner

76
Q

What kind of liner should be used for good systemic circulation?

A

Hard Liner

77
Q

What kind of liner should be used for volumetrically stable residual limbs?

A

Hard Liner

78
Q

Even though not a completely hard material, what is considered to carry the same rules as a hard liner?

A

Silicon

79
Q

What are sources of weight bearing in a transtibial prosthesis? a. Older: b. Newer:

A

A: More weight bearing on specific areas (patellar tendon bearing) B: Total Surface Bearing (smaller PTB indentation)

80
Q

What does a SACH foot acronym stand for?

A

Solid Ankle Heel Cushion

81
Q

How many socks can be added before a new socket will need to be made?

A

15 plys

82
Q

Why are socks a good acute use and long term use for some patients?

A

Acute: - Edema - Venous Return Long Term: - Adjustable - Inexpensive

83
Q

What type of suspension would work best for a obese transtibial patient?

A

Transtibial Prosthesis with Joints and Corset (Corset, Pelvic Strap)

84
Q

What type of foot would work best for a highly active prosthetic patient?

A

Dynamic Response (Energy Storing Foot)

85
Q

Where are the the sources of weight bearing in a transfemoral prosthesis?

A

Quadralateral: (4 areas of relief are the 4 areas of redness/ skin checks) - Anteromedial: Adductor Longus T. (Obturator N.) - Anterolateral: Rectus Femoris M. - Posteromedial: Hamstring T. (Sciatic N.) - Posterolateral: Gluteus Maximus M.

86
Q

Where is the source of weight bearing in a transfemoral prosthesis with a plug socket?

A

.

87
Q

Where does the adductor longus tendon sit in a quadrilateral socket?

A

Anteromedial

88
Q

Why is the quadrilateral or ischial containment socket set in slight flexion?

A

Quadrilateral: - Enhance position of ischial tuberosity on posterior brim Ischial Containment Socket: - Facilitates Hip Extensor Contraction - Reduce Lumbar Lordosis - Provide a zone for the thigh to extend for taking steps of equal length

89
Q

What differeienciates a suction socket from a non-suction socket? Explain.

A
  • Suction Socket: Release/Check Valve - Non-Suction Socket: Hole without Valve
90
Q

What patient characteristic are contraindicated for a suction transfemoral socket? (Give 3 examples)

A
  • CHF - Lymphedema - Cancer (Tumor Removal) - Kidney Failure
91
Q

Can you identify seven characteristics on the temporary plug fit transfemoral socket?

A
  • SACH Foot - Uniaxial - Hinge Joint (knee) - Pelvic Strap with Lateral Metal Hinge - Temporary Plug - Padding (posterior for quiet sitting) - Quadrilateral Socket -
92
Q

Why would a patient use a thigh lacer system (Corset) in a transtibial prosthesis?

A
  • Maximum M\L Stability - Good for Obese - Fluctuating Leg Girth - Increased Weight Bearing Load Distribution

PTA 230 Final (8 decks)

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