1.5 Products from oil

Question 1

What is the structure in which fractional distillation occurs in?

Answer 1

A fractionating column

Question 2

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 2

Alkanes and alkenes

Question 3

What is the name of the process that breaks down long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

Cracking

Question 4

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

What is the catalyst present when reacting ethene with steam to form ethanol?

Answer 5

Phosphoric acid

Question 6

During fermentation, sugar is converted into what?

Answer 6

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 7

What is polymerisation?

Answer 7

When many small alkene molecules (monomers) join together to form polymers

Question 8

Plastics are an example of what kind of polymers?

Answer 8

Synthetic polymers

Question 9

What is added to a plastic bag to make it biodegradable?

Answer 9

Cornstarch

Question 10

Are polymers saturated with single bonds or unsaturated with double bonds?

Answer 10

Saturated with single bonds.

Question 11

Many polymers are not biodegradable, what does this mean?

Answer 11

That they are not broken down by microbes

Question 12

What are many polymers made from?

Answer 12

Fossil fuels

Question 13

What is the molecular formula for Ethanol?

Answer 13

C2H5OH (small numbers)

Question 14

Why is Ethanol not a hydrocarbon?

Answer 14

Because it contains oxygen as well as hydrogen and carbon

Question 15

Which two ways can you make Ethanol?

Answer 15

Fermentation of a sugar solution and the reaction of ethene with steam

Question 16

What is a continuous process?

Answer 16

This means that reactants are constantly being put in at one end of the reaction vessel and products are constantly being taken out at the other end of the reaction vessel

Question 17

What is a batch process?

Answer 17

This means the reaction vessel must be emptied and cleaned when the reaction is complete and then refilled with a new batch

Question 18

What is the name of the process when seeds are crushed and then the crushed material is squeezed to form oil?

Answer 18

Pressing

Question 19

How can oil that has been extracted by distillation be refined (made purer)?

Answer 19

By removing water and other impurities

Question 20

An example of one fossil fuel?

Answer 20

Coal or Oil or Natural Gas

Question 21

Where do Biodiesels come from?

Answer 21

Plants which have had their oil extracted

Question 22

Why do chemist crack oil?

Answer 22

To get the more useful materials out of the oil

Question 23

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 23

CnH2n+2

Question 24

Why is a catalyst used in cracking?

Answer 24

To provide the hydrocarbon gases for a convenient surface for the cracking to take place.

Question 25

Why can polymers be difficult to dispose of?

Answer 25

They do not break down very easily.

Question 26

What is formed when ethene reacts with steam?

Answer 26

Only ethanol

Question 27

How do we know alkenes are unsaturated?

Answer 27

They have double bonds

Question 28

What is the process of which all of the products are separated from crude oil?

Answer 28

Factional Distillation