1.5 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS & PROPERTIES Flashcards
What is the charge of carbon?
+/-4
given:
solid
44ºC melting point
280ºC boiling point
not soluble
non-polar covalent, not soluble
What is another name for hydrogen carbonate?
bicarbonate
______ temp will _______ speed of particle.
increasing temp will increase speed of particle.
What is the formula for:
di-iodine pentasulphide
I2S5
What is the name for:
Mn(HCO3)4
manganese (IV) bicarbonate
Solids have what kind of bonds?
very strong bonds between particles will form solids
What is the name for FeN?
iron (III) nitride
given:
solid at room temp.
730ºC melting point
1380ºC boiling point
soluble in water
ionic, because of the high melting/boiling point AND soluble in water.
What two polyatomic exceptions are positively charged? What is their suffix?
hydroxide and ammonium, ending in -ate.
All substances are made up of _______ and they are in ___________ motion. The motions are _______, ________, ________.
All substances are made up of particles and they are in constant motion. The motions are linear, rotational, vibrational.
What state of matter has the weakest forces?
Gases.
When contained will expand to fill vessel, but if uncontained will usually drift apart.
Chemical formula for:
tin (IV) sulphate
Sn(SO4)2
Special type of dipole-dipole force.
Hydrogen bonds.
between hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen ONLY because they are extremely electronegative. v.strong bond
What is it called when covalent bonds share electrons equally?
Pure/non-polar covalent bond
What is the formula for bicarbonate?
HCO3-
Chemical formula for:
mercury (I) phosphide
Hg3P
A type of ion that has more electrons than protons
anions.
What are the properties of polar covalent molecules?
- can be solid, liquid or gas at room temp, depending on molecule size
- generally v low melting/boiling point
- soluble if not too large
What is the name for Hg2C?
mercury (III) carbide
What naming system do we use to show the different of charge of multivalent metals/elements?
Stock Naming, using roman numerals.
The roman number follows the name of the element and shows the positive charge.
What is the chemical name for Li2O?
Lithium oxide
Intermolecular forces can change the ___________ at room temp.
state of matter
Are most polyatomic ions positively or negatively charged?
negatively
Name for:
SnS2
tin (II) sulphide
A cation is?
a positive ion. more protons than electrons
What are the propteries of non-polar covalent molecules?
- can be any state at room temp, depending on molecule size
- gen v low melting/boiling point, lower than polar molecule of same size
- not soluble
What is name for Cu(NO3)2?
copper (II) nitrate
Formula for:
ammonium phosphate
(NH4)3PO4
What is an emulsifier?
An emulsifier keeps polar and non-polar ingredients bonded though they naturally wouldn’t be. It has a positive and negative end to keep ingredients bonded. Can be natural or chemical.
Melting point
is temp needed for a solid to become a liquid
What is the name for:
Cl2O
dichlorine oxide
Ionic compounds are composed of ______ ions.
alternating. (positive and negative)
What is the chemical name for:
KBr
potassium bromide
What type of substances are always solid at room temp?
Ionic substances.
What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride?
CaCl2
Makes water liquid at room temp
hydrogen bonds
Kinetic Molecular Theory can be thought of as “__________ theory”
moving particle theory
What state is water?
liquid
Are bonds between ions stronger or are bonds between molecules stronger?
bonds betwen ions are stonger because ions have charges and molecules do not.
The ______ the distance between particles the _____ the attraction.
The further the distance between particles the lesser the attraction.
Which state of matter allows particles to stay close together but still move freely to flow and change shape?
liquids. these forces are stronger than gases.
When learning how to names and formulas, it is important to differentiate between ________ and _________?
vocabulary vs grammar.
vocabulary is words, grammar is how to use.
oxygen vs zinc oxide.
If a molecule is charged, it is called a _______________
polyatomic ion
Forces that cause attraction between molecules is called ____________________.
Forces that cause attraction between molecules is called intermolecular forces.
Between salt and vinegar, which has stronger attractive forces?
salt. because it is a solid at room temp and vinegar is a liquid at room temp.
The small separation of charge in a bond is called a ______.
The small separation of charge in a bond is called a dipole.
A non-metal and non-metal makes up a _______ compound
covalent
What is solubility?
refers to substance’s ability to dissolve with water
What temp is considered room temp?
25ºC
Are ionic substances soluble in water?
Yes, many are.
A polyatomic ion is a _______ molecule.
charged
Freezing point
is the same as melting point
What is the chemical formula for:
copper (II) phosphide
Cu3P2
Define miscibility
is a substances ability to mix.
Name for:
NF5
nitrogen pentafluoride
Boiling point
temp needed for a liquid to become gaseous
atoms that bond together covalently form ____________
molecules
What are molecules called when they only have pure covalent bonds?
non-polar molecules
What are London Forces?
a temporary bond between molecules. one end of the bond becomes positive and one end becomes negative therefore becoming attracted to each other. v weak bond.
what is the chemical name for:
PbSO4
lead (II) sulfate
given:
gas
- 115ºC melting point
- 85ºC boiling point
soluble
polar covalent. low melting/boiling, water soluble.
What electrons in a polar covalent bond are always closer to which atom?
The higher electronegative one
Describe the functions and properties of soap that allows it to clean things.
Soap has polar and non-polar ends and is relatively large. It forms miscelles when combined with water. The non-polar tails dissolve droplets of oil forming a capsule around the oil. Polar head protrudes with water. keeps it together so it can be washed away.
Name for:
(NH4)2CO3
ammonium carbonate
Group 1 elements gain a charge of what?
1+
A non metal and metal makes a what?
binary ionic compound
negatively charged polyatomic ions ALL contain ______, called ____ - ions.
oxygen. oxy-ions
Define immiscible
liquids that do not dissolve.
What is the chemical formula for cadmium bromide?
CdBr2
What is the name for:
CBr4
carbon tetrabromide
What factors determine strength of London Forces?
- increase in contact area (more molecules)
- polarizability, increase in molecular size
What does the different charge do?
It changes the property of the element. Like iron. Iron (II) powder is black. iron (III) powder is red.
given:
gas at room temp
- 101ºC melting point
- 34ºC boiling point
not soluble
non-polar covalent because of low melting and boiling and NOT soluble
particles attract each other.
Rule of KMT and the particle theory.
What are Dipole Forces?
dipole forces are in polar molecules, partial charges. Stronger than london forces. Slightly higher charge one one side, slightly lower on the other.
What is the name for elements that have more than one possible charge?
multivalent metals
example: iron has charge of 2+ or 3+
What is the charge on binary ionic compounds?
zero.
What is the chemical formula for:
bismuth (V) phosphide
Bi3P5
When naming binary ionic compounds, which atom gets the -ide ending?
The altered non-metal gets the -ide ending.
For example: Lithium + chlorine = lithium chloride
What is the relative melting and boiling point for ionic substances?
generally very high
