15

Question 1

alkanes

Answer 1

saturated hydrocarbons C,H

only single bonds

Question 2

methane

Answer 2

mlc formula CH4
structural : CH4
number of C: 1
number of isomers:1

Question 3

general molecular formula for acyclic alkanes

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

ethane

Answer 4

mlc formula C2H
structural : Ch3
number of C:
number of isomers:

Question 5

IUPAC naming overview

Answer 5

Locant- position of the substituents 
prefix- name of substituents 
parent - number of C In chain
Locant- position of main functional group
suffix-Type of compound

Question 6

IUPAC rules for naming alkanes

Answer 6

1. The name ending for all alkanes is –ane. - Suffix
2. The parent chain is the longest continuous carbon atom chain in the structure. If two chains with equal length exist, choose the chain with the great number of branch points.
3. A word is attached to the name ending –ane indicating the number of carbon
   atoms in the Parent chain.
4. Number the carbon atoms of the parent chain starting from whichever end
   of the chain gives the location of the first branch the lower of two possible numbers.
5. Name each alkane–like branch (alkyl group) attached to the parent chain.
6. Attach the name of the alkyl group to the name of the parent as a Prefix. Place
   the location number of the group in front of the name separated by a hyphen.
7. When two or more groups are attached name each and locate each with a
   number. Locant The names of the alkyl groups are assembled in alphabetical order.
   Always use hyphens to separate numbers from words.
8. When two or more substituents are identical use prefixes such as di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.
   Always separate a number from another number in a name by a comma.
   When identical groups are on the same carbon repeat the number locating
   this carbon in the name.

Question 7

names of alkanes

Answer 7

meth–    1C
eth–        2C
prop–     3C
but–        4C
pent–      5C
hex–       6C
hept–      7C
oct–        8C
non–       9C
dec–     10C
undec-  11C

Question 8

Alkane Nomenclature

Answer 8

A primary alkyl group are named by taking the name of the alkane with the
same number of carbon atoms and changing the –ane ending to –yl.
remove 1 H

Question 9

Physical Properties of Alkanes

Answer 9

Nonpolar molec
Insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents, e.g. CCl4 (“like dissolves like”)
Generally less dense than water
Boiling points rise as the chain length increases
1-4 carbons are gases at room temp;
5-17 carbons are liquids at room temp;
 18 carbons are waxy solids at room temp,
Boiling points fall as chains become branched

Question 10

effect of c on van der waals forces

Answer 10

Increasing the number of carbons in the alkane molecule will increase the van der Waals forces experienced between molecules

Question 11

conformational isomers/conformers

Answer 11

Molecules that have different arrangements.

represented in two ways Sawhorse or Newman projection