1485 England Flashcards
Enclosure
The fencing off of land from open fields with the ending of all common rights over it
Customs duties
Money paid on goods entering or leaving the country. Money came from tunnage (taxes on exports) and poundage (taxes on imports
Tunnage
Taxes on exports
Poundage
Taxes on imports
Primogeniture
The eldest son or nearest male relative inherited everything
Common land
Land where all villagers had the right to graze their animals
Where was enclosure especially popular?
The Midlands
What was the population of England in 1485?
3 million
What % of people lived in rural communities in 1485?
90%
What was the population of Norwich?
12,000
How many residents lived in London
60,000
Arable Farming
Labour-intensive farming which produced crops using basic tools, including ploughs
Engrossing
Joining together of several farms to make one unit, through the process of one farmer buying the land of the others
What was England’s main industry in 1485?
Cloth
What % of England’s exports were cloth?
80%
Journeymen
Men who travelled, hiring out their skills in the wool industry, to make a living
Merchant adventurers
Controlled the exportation and trade in England
How many nobles were there at the time?
50
How many household members did the Duke of Northumberland have in 1503?
187
How many ordained clergy where there?
35,000
How many monks and nuns were there?
10,000
What was the Papal Curia
Court of Law controlled by the Papacy that also acted as a court of appeal
7 Sacraments
The Eucharist Baptism Holy Orders Confirmation Marriage Confession Unction
Stipend
Payment received by a priest for his role in a parish
Give 4 types of church corruption in the mid-late 1800s
Absenteeism
Pluralism
Immoral priests
Uneducated priests
Absenteeism
Clergy that were absent from their parishes, yet still claimed the stipend
Pluralism
Clergy that claimed stipend from several parishes
What was the political role of bishops and abbots?
They say in the House of Lords
How much of the land did the Catholic Church own?
1/3
How many endowed schools were set up in the 15th century
Over 100
Who was Erasmus?
A Dutch humanist scholar
Renaissance
A rebirth of learning and the arts, which encouraged writers and artists to become part of what the called the spirit of new learning
Papal dispensation
The written permission of the Pope enabling a ruling monarch to marry or divorce
Council
Ruling council of the King, mainly composed of his most influential nobles and gentry
Who had claims to Henry VII’s throne?
Edward, Earl of Warwick
John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
What did Henry do to decrease the potential threat from the Earl of Surrey?
Kept him in prison until 1489
What did Henry do to reduce the potential threat from the Duke of Northumberland?
Put him in prison until the end of 1485, then let him resume his position of ruler of the North
What did Henry demand from Viscount Beaumont?
A promise to be loyal in writing that carried a fine
How did Henry keep the Earl of Westmorland st bay?
Held his heir at court
What did Henry do to reduce the threat of the Earl of Warwick?
Sent him to the tower
How did Henry deal with the threat from John de la Pole and his father, the Duke of Suffolk?
Got them to profess their loyalty. Invited Lincoln to court
