1453 - 1455 Flashcards
When did the hundred year war in France end? Who was involved and where was the final battle?
- 17th July 1453
- talbot defeated at Castilian
When did Henry VI first become ill? What was his illness.
August 1453
- went into a catatonic stupor
Why did the Neville’s change dudes to support York?
- 700 Percy’s attacked the Neville’s at heworth castle.
- council + crown did nothing so Neville’s sides with York.
When was Henry’s son Edward born? And what problem did it solve?
13th October 1453
- solved succession problem as York was heir presumptive
Why did York make himself captain of Calais? And when?
November 1453
- Somerset had been put in the tier for his own safety after a challenge form the Dule of Norfolk - York made himself the captain.
York called a council in February 1454. What was the outcome?
- it was poorly attended so he imposed fines to nobles who didn’t show up.
- 12 nobles tried to wake the king.
When did York’s first protectorate begin? And why was he able to enforce this?
27th March 1454
- cardinal kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury/ chancellor of England had died.
When was the battle of Stamford bridge and what was involved in it?
- Percy’s vs Neville’s in the north - York attempted to squash this rivalry
- lord egremont + Richard Percy attacked Neville’s at Stanford bridge - they were defeated by Salisbury and York - made to pay £11,200 in damages - but eventually went to prison.
When did Henry VI recover?
- what was richard’s success?
Christmas Day 1454
- reduced royal expenditure to £5193
When did York’s protectorate end and what happened after this?
- February 1455
- egremont + Exeter released from prison
- Somerset released from prison and reinstated at caption of Calais
- Thomas Bouchier made chancellor of England - not Salisbury
- Earl of Wiltshire made treasurer.
- all of York’s changes had been reversed
Why were Salisbury and York summoned to the Great council? And why didn’t they go?
- summoned to the council in Leicester to create a peace between them and the crown
- they didn’t go because York sensed it was a trap - ie Humphrey duke of Gloucester went and was arrested and executed in 1447
When was the battle of St Albans?
- who died?
- what events took place prior to the battle?
Battle was on 22nd May 1455
- Somerset, Northumberland and Clifford all killed + 60 more casualties
- Buckingham made constable of England and in charge of the army 3 days before the battle
- York sent a letter to the king proclaiming his innocence once more.
What occurred after St Albans and who was blamed?
- York in July 1455 took Henry VI on a ceremonial crown wearing trip - his mental fragilities returned
- Somerset blamed for the defeat
When did York’s second protectserate begin?
19th November 1455
York = constable of England
Viscount bouchier = treasurer
Warwick = captain of Calais
What was the fuss between the Courtney’s and the bonvilles? What were the actions taken? And when was it?
- 1455 October - November
Earl of devein attackled the bonvilles in the south west because they had swapped sides to support York!
- Devon defeats bonvilles we clyst 15th December - York arrests Courtney
