14.4- Diabetes And Its Control

Question 1

Define hyper and hypoglycaemia.

Answer 1

Hyperglycaemia- raised blood sugar.

Hypoglycaemia- low blood sugar

Question 2

Symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 2

• high blood glucose concentration.
• glucose present in urine.
• excessive need to urinate (polyuria)
• excessive thirst (polydipsia)
• constant hunger
• weight loss.
• blurred vision.
• tiredness.

Question 3

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 3

B-cells do not produce insulin.

• cause unknown, can’t be cured/prevented. Only symptoms treated.
• evidence suggests it arises as a result of an autoimmune response where body’s own immune system attacks b-cells.
• normally begins in childhood and symptoms develop quickly.

Question 4

Type 2 diabetes.

Answer 4

B-cells do not produce enough insulin OR body cells do not respond to it properly.

• often as a result of glycoprotein insulin receptor not working properly.
• cells lose their responsiveness to insulin so don’t take up enough glucose leaving it in bloodstream.
• usually as a result of excess weight, inactivity, overeating carbs.
• symptoms are less severe and develop slowly. Risk increases with age.