Chapter 2: Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The full range and variation of all living things in a region. Can be described in different levels, such as genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity

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2
Q

What is a biodiversity hopspot?

A

An area with at least 1500 species of endemic vascular plants and that has lost more than 70% of its natural vegetation

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3
Q

What is the biological species concept?

A

A definition of species based on whether members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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4
Q

What is the morphological species concept?

A

Definition of a species based on physical characteristics of members

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5
Q

what is the phylogenic species concept?

A

Definition of a species that states a species is the smallest group if individuals that can be traced back to a common ancestor

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6
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions in an area

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7
Q

What are 2 ways of measuring biodiversity? Explain them

A
  • Spatial scales: Where individuals of the same classification group are distributed in an area
  • Temporal scales: How many organisms are distributed over a period of time
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8
Q

What are 4 reasons we should classify animals?

A
  1. A way of organising information
  2. Allows biologists to analyse information about organisms
  3. Allows biologists to communicate with eachother
  4. Invasive species can be identified more easily
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9
Q

Name all the taxonomic levels from largest to smallest

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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10
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Eukarya, archaea and bacteria

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11
Q

What are the characteristics seperating eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A
  • Eukaryotes: Contains DNA in a nucleus, and has membrane bound organelles
  • Prokaryotes: No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
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12
Q

Name the 6 Kingdoms

A
  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
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13
Q

What 3 characteristics organisms be classified by?

A
  • Physical characteristics
  • Methods of reproduction (sexually or asexually)
  • Molecular sequences (sequences in DNA)
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14
Q

What are 5 characteristics of monocots?

A
  • One cotyledon
  • Parrallel veins
  • Vascular bundles in complex arrangement
  • Fibrous root system (very thin)
  • Floral parts (eg. petals) in multiples of 3
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15
Q

What are 5 characteristics of dicots?

A
  • Two cotyledon
  • Net like veins (branch out on leaf)
  • Vascular bundles in ring
  • Taproot usually present (large central root)
  • Floral parts (eg. petals) in multiples of 4 or 5
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