Chapter 8: Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
What is the cell membrane and what is its function?
A semi-permiable phospholopid bilayer that controls the entry and exit of substances in the cell with the use of endo and exocytosis.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?
A network of channels around the cell that transports protiens. It has ribosomes attached, so it is the site for protien synthesis.
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?
A network of channels around the cell, transporting protiens. Has no ribosomes and produces membrane phospholopids
What is the golgi apparatus and what is its function?
A structure of flattened sacs that collect, package and distributes materials (synthasised protiens) supplied by the cell.
What are lysosomes and what are their function?
Sacs of enzymes that break down foriegn substances including bacteria and macromolecules into simple substances to be used as building blocks for new compounds.
What is the mitochondria and what is its function?
Site of aerobic respiration that produces ATP
What is the nucleus and what is its function?
The structure that contains the cells DNA. It includes the nuclear membrane, the nucleolus and chromatin.
What are ribosomes and what is their function?
The structures that carry out protien synthesis in the cytosol and the rough ER.
What are centrosomes and centrioles, and their functions?
The structures that play a major role is cell division, the spindle fibers nedded for cell division grow from the centrosome.
What are chloroplasts and what are their function?
The site of photosynthesis in plants, they convert light energy into chemical energy.
What is the cell wall and what is its function?
A structure made of cellulose fibers to protect the plant cell and keep its shape.
What are the structures in a prokaryotic cell?
- Chromosome DNA
- Plasmid DNA
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Capsule
- Pili
- Bacterial flagellum
What are the structures in a eukaryotic cell?
- Nucleus
- Rough & smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- Golgi apparatus
- Vacuole
- Cell wall (in plant cells only)
- Chloroplasts (in plant cells only)
What is a vacuole and what is its function?
Store water, nutrients and metabolic waste, plant cells have large permenant vacuoles, while animal cells have temporary ones.
What is a monomer?
A small molecule that acts as a building block for macromolecules, when many copies are linked together it forms a polymer.
