14.3 Current Research On Work And Economic Life

Question 1

Transnational Corporations

Answer 1

Business Corporations Located in 2 or more countries

Question 2

International Division of Labour

Answer 2

The specialization in producing goods for the world market that divides regions into zones of industrial or agricultural production or high or low-skilled labour

Question 3

4 Webs of InterConnection Commercial Activity

Answer 3

Richard Brent and John Cavanaugh proposed the following 4 webs.

1. The Global Cultural Bazaar
2. Global Shopping Mall
3. Global Workplace
4. Global Financial Network

Question 4

Global Cultural Bazaar

Answer 4

The most extensive web.

Consists of global images and dreams diffused through a digital and physical media sold of a worldwide basis

Question 5

Global Shopping Mall

Answer 5

Is a «planetary supermarket with a dazzling spread of things to eat, drink, wear, and enjoy» available to those with the means to participate

Question 6

Global Workplace

Answer 6

This is the increasingly complex global division of labour through which goods are produced and consumed or information is exchanged

Question 7

The Global Financial Network

Answer 7

This is fueled by the global workplace and consists of billions of bits of financial information stored in computers and portrayed on computer screens

Question 8

Degree of Influence on Work VS. Attitudes About Work

Answer 8

Richard Freeman and Joel Rogers found that workers’ degree of influence on their work is positively correlated with their attitudes about work

Question 9

Strike

Answer 9

A temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to express a grievance or enforce a demand

Question 10

Lockout

Answer 10

A type of organized conflict where employers (rather than workers) bring about a stoppage of work to force workers to accept a particular contract

Question 11

Work to Rule

Answer 11

A form of organized labour action in which workers do the minimum work that is legally required of them (carefully following health, safety, and other regulations)

Question 12

Unemployment Rate

Answer 12

The proportion of the population ages 16 and older that is actively seeking work but is unable to find employment.

The economic recession resulted in a steep jump in unemployment, with minorities being the hardest hit

Question 13

Labour Unions

Answer 13

Unions developed to rectify the imbalance of power between workers and employers

Individual workers had virtually no power on their own, but their influence could be increased through collective organization

Question 14

Unions Density

Answer 14

A statistic that represents the number of union members as a percentage of the number of people who could potentially be union members

Question 15

Conditionals for High Union Density

Answer 15

1. Strong working-class political parties created favourable conditions for labour organizing
2. Bargaining between firms and labour unions was coordinated at the national level rather than occurring separately in different industries, or at the local level
3. Unions, rather than the state, directly administered unemployment insurance, ensuring that workers who lose their jobs do not leave the labour movement