14.1 Hormonal Communication Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

It uses hormones to send info about changes to the environment around the body

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2
Q

What are the endocrine glands

A

A group of specialised cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

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3
Q

What are the roles of hormones

A

They are chemical messengers that carry info from 1 part of the body to the other
They are secreted directly into the blood when glands are stimulated

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4
Q

How do hormones travel around the body

A

They are transported in blood plasma and diffuse out of the blood and bind to a specific receptor on target cells
These target cells will be stilmulated by the hormones to produce a response

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5
Q

What do steroid hormones do and where are they in the body

A

They are lipid soluble so can pass through lipid components of cells forming a hormone receptor complex
They are present in the cytoplasm or nucleus

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6
Q

What does it mean by steroid hormones acting as transcription factors

A

They facilitate or inhibit the transcription of a particular gene

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7
Q

What are non-steroid hormones and what do they do

A

They are hydrophilic so cannot pass directly through the cell membrane
So they bind to receptors on cell surface of target cells and trigger a cascade reaction mediated by second messengers

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8
Q

What are the adrenal glands

Where are they located

A

2 small glands located on the top of each kidney
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

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9
Q

What is the adrenal cortex abs where is it located

A

On the outer region of the glands

Produces hormones that are vital for life

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10
Q

What is the adrenal medulla abs where is it located

A

It’s in the inner region of the glands and the hormones are released when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated
Produces non essential hormones

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11
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Glucocorticoids - help regulate blood pressure and metabolism

Mineralacorticoids - control blood pressure and maintains salt and water balance

Androgens - small amounts of male and female sex hormones are released

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12
Q

What hormones are secreted by adrenal medulla

A

Adrenaline - increases heart rate and raises blood glucose concentration

Noradrenaline - works with adrenaline in response to stress
Increases HR
Widens pupils
Widens air passages

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