14.1 -14.2

Question 1

What function group do alcohols have

Answer 1

-OH (hydroxyl)

Question 2

What is the general formula for alcohols

Answer 2

• CnH2n+1OH

Question 3

What are the three type of alcohols

Answer 3

1) Primary alcohol
2) secondary alcohol
3) Tertiary alcohol

Question 4

What is a primary alchol

Answer 4

• when the OH is bonded to a C that is bonded to one other carbon

Question 5

What is a secondary alcohol

Answer 5

• when the OH is bonded to a C that is bonded to two other carbon

Question 6

What is a tertiary alcohol

Answer 6

• when the OH is bonded to a C that is bonded to three other carbon

Question 7

Describe the solubility of alcohols

Answer 7

• alcohols are polar so they interact with water molecules via hydrogen bonds and can dissolves in water
• as the delta negative oxygen is attracted to the delta positive hydrogen

Question 8

What happens to the solubility as the carbon chain in alcohol increases

Answer 8

• longer carbon chain d are insoluble because the carbon chain is non-polar and it reduces the interaction water can make with the alcohol

Question 9

Why do alcohols have a higher boiling point Han molecules of a similar relative mass

Answer 9

• as they have hydrogen bonding which is the strongest type of intermolecular force making alcohol less volatile

Question 10

What does the term volatility refer to

Answer 10

• the tendency of a substance to vaporise

Question 11

How do alcohols makes haloalkanes

Answer 11

• substitution reaction (halide takes the place of OH)
  Reagent: sodium halide
  Catalyst: H2SO4

Question 12

What happens in a dehydration of alcohol reaction, and what do you form

Answer 12

• eliminate water from an alcohol
• produce an alkene

Question 13

What is the reagent and catalyst for dehydration of alchols

Answer 13

Reagent: heat
Catalyst: acid catalyst ( H2SO4 or H3PO4)

Question 14

What can dehydration of non-primary alcohols lead to

Answer 14

• 3 different alkenes ( always check for E/Z isomerism)

Question 15

What are alcohols used for

Answer 15

• to generate energy as they are a fuel

Question 16

How do alcohols burns

Answer 16

• readily with a blue light

Question 17

What are the products of combustion of alcohols

Answer 17

• carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

In combustion of alcohols what is happening to the alcohol

Answer 18

• it is being oxidised

Question 19

What mild oxidising agent can alcohols be oxidised using

Answer 19

• potassium dichromate

Question 20

What type of alcohol is oxidised to make ketones

Answer 20

• secondary alcohols

Question 21

What type of alcohols are oxidised to make aldehydes then carboxylic acids

Answer 21

• primary alcohols

Question 22

What is the reagent and catalyst when reacting primary alcohols to form aldehydes then carboxylic acid

Answer 22

Reagent: K2Cr2O7
Catalyst: H2SO4

Question 23

What is the reagent and catalyst when reacting secondary alcohols to form ketones

Answer 23

Reagent: K2Cr2O7
Catalyst: H2SO4

Question 24

What is the only way we can oxides tertiary alcohols

Answer 24

• by burning them

Question 25

What experimental technique do we use when oxidising primary alcohols to aldehydes then ketones

Answer 25

• distillation and reflux
• distillation to obtain the aldehyde
• then add more K2Cr2O7 and reflux to turn the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

Question 26

How do we oxidise a secondary alcohol to form a ketone

Answer 26

• using redox and oxidising agent (K2Cr2O7)