14.1 Flashcards
Genome
It’s the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in it’s DNA.
Karyotype
Micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size.
What Makes up Chromosomes?
Chromosome>Chromatin>Nucleosomes>Histones and DNA.
What is the difference between Diploid and Haploid?
Diploids are 2 chromosomes, and haploid is half which means that they are 1.
Autosome
Any chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome
Sperm and Egg cells are
Gametes and haploids.
1 Chromosome 1 Chromosome
1 Chromatid 2 Chromatids
( )(
Because of duplications, the centromere combines them making it 2 chromatids.
Women have X Chromosomes
Men have Y Chromosomes
What is a pedigree?
It’s a graph that helps us look at the outcome of offspring.
An organism’s paired chromosomes arranged in order from largest to smallest is called a ________.
Karyotype
A _______ Contains all the instructions that are needed to build an organism
DNA
Nondisjunction
Where an error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly.
Restriction Enzyme
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides
What is a gel electrophoresis?
Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel
In DNA what is the opposite of A, T, G, C (In order).
T, A, C, G
