Research Methods : Self Reports Flashcards

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1
Q

Questionnaire definition/purpose

A

Used to assess thoughts and feelings of participants.

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2
Q

Strengths of Questionnaires

A
  • Can gather large amounts of data
  • Can be completed without researcher present
  • Cost efficient
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3
Q

Weaknesses of Questionaires

A
  • Can produce respose bias/demand characteristics
  • Participants may misinterpret the questions
  • May not always be truthful (may show themselves in a good light)
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4
Q

Open Question definition

A

Respondents can answer in any way they wish

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5
Q

Open Question strengths

A

Detailed answers

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6
Q

Open Question weaknesses

A

Difficult to analyse data fron open questions

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7
Q

Closed Question definition

A

There is a fixed choice of responses determined by the researcher

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8
Q

Closed Question strengths

A

Quantitative data is easy to analyse

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9
Q

Closed Question weaknesses

A

Lack depth/detail

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10
Q

Closed Question examples + definitions

A

Likert scales : scale from agree to disagree

Rating scales : identify a value that represents the strength of a feeling

Fixed choice option : respondents can indicate options from a list

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11
Q

Interview definition

A

A live encounter where one person asks a set of questions (interview schedule)

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12
Q

Structured interview definition

A

Made up of pre-determined questions asked in a fixed order

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13
Q

Structured interview strengths

A
  • Easy to standardise
  • Reduces differences between interviews
  • Less time consuming
  • Easier to analyse
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14
Q

Structured interview weaknesses

A
  • It’s not possible to ask follow up questions
  • Lacking in detail/ depth if the participant wants to expand on answer
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15
Q

Unstructured interview definition

A

There are no set questions, there is a general aim and topic to reach

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16
Q

Unstructured interview strengths

A
  • More flexible
  • More detail
  • Can follow up on answers to gain more insight
  • Similar to a conversation, makes participant comfortable
17
Q

Unstructured interview weaknesses

A
  • Difficult to analyse
  • Time consuming
  • Firm conclusions are difficult to come to
  • Impossible to standardise
18
Q

Semi-structured interview definition

A

Lists of questions but follow up questions can be asked

19
Q

Semi-structured interview strengths

A
  • Can ask follow up questions
  • Very flexible
  • Easy to analyse some parts of data
20
Q

Semi-structured interview weaknesses

A
  • Difficult to replicate exactly
  • Difficult to analyse some parts of data
21
Q

What to avoid : Leading Questions

A

Encourages respondants to give a particular answer

22
Q

What to avoid : ambiguity

A

Questions which can be interpreted in various ways

23
Q

What to avoid : loaded questions

A

Include emotive language which can encourage respondants to give particular answers

24
Q

What to avoid : jargon

A

Technical language that participants won’t understand

25
Q

What to avoid : double-barrelled questions

A

Contains 2 questions but can only answer with 1 answer

26
Q

What to avoid : negatives/double negatives

A

Can confuse participants

27
Q

What to avoid : complex questions

A

Long complicated questions

28
Q

What to avoid : impossible questions

A

Questions that are impossible to answer

29
Q

What should you avoid when making questions?

A

Leading questions
Ambiguity
Loaded questions
Jargon
Double-barrelled questions
Negatives/double negatives
Complex questions
Impossible questions