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ENVS > 1401 > Flashcards

1401 Flashcards

1
Q

Capitalism is an economic system

A

Where private owners of capitals make decisions based on profit

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2
Q

Economists use ___ to estimate a resources future economic value compared to its present value

A

Discount rate

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3
Q

A life cycle assessment should be done as a comparison of the _______ of the different stages in the life of a product

A

Impact on the environment

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4
Q

All of the following affect a country’s population growth rate except for:

A

All of the above affect population growth rates

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5
Q

which of the following is most likely to be a limiting factor for plant growth

A

phosphorus

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6
Q

fluxes of nitrogen both into and out of the atmosphere are controlled predominately by

A

the activity of microscopic bacteria

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7
Q

high quality energy is constantly

A

becoming low quality energy

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8
Q

which of the following does NOT describe a pathway by which a single carbon atom can enter the atmosphere

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

why does the price of gas you pay at the pump not reflect the true cost of gasoline

A

because of large government subsidies and tax breaks to oil producers

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10
Q

which of the following is one of the root causes of environmental problems

A

rapid population growth

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11
Q

why has the population been able to grow so quickly in such a short period of time

A

because of medical care, clean water and better access to nutritious food

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12
Q

using renewable resources faster than nature can renew them is called

A

degrading natural capital

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13
Q

how can a more-developed country (MDC) with 100 million people have a larger environmental impact than a less-developed country (LDC) with a population of 400 million people

A

people in MDC tend to consume more and have more harmful technologies compare to people in the ldc

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14
Q

which of the following is not an environmental problem relate to human population growth

A

the presence of arsenic in some soils

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15
Q

which of the following is not an example of a natural service

A

recycling plastic bottles to save resources

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16
Q

which of the following statements does not explain why the easter island story is often use as a warning to the current global human population

A

it is an example of how technology can save a population from the brink of collapse

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17
Q

carrying capacity is___

A

the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can sustain without causing harm to the environment

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18
Q

the term “ecosystem” is use to describe large environmental units. Which of the following features is shared by all ecosystems?

A

the flow of energy and the cycling of chemical elements

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19
Q

weigh a piece of paper, and then burn it until it turns into ash. collect the produced gases and ash and weigh them. the weight of the gas and ash produced equals the weight of the original weight of the oxygen consumed in the burning. Which scientific law explains this?

A

law of conservation of matter

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20
Q

in which sphere of the earth system do chemicals have the longest residence times

A

lithosphere

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21
Q

any energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with high net energy yields unless____

A

subsidised by the government or some other funding source

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22
Q

tapping deep aquifers for water sources creates all of the following concerns except

A

deep aquifers are heavily polluted

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23
Q

what is the definition of a mineral reserve?

A

identified deposits from which we can extract a mineral at profit

24
Q

what is the main obstacle to extracting rare-earth materials from a deposit

A

they are typically found at low concentrations at the host rock/ the energetic cost

25
Q

which of the following energy sources has the least environmental impact?

A

wind

26
Q

why does the price of gas you pay at the pump not reflect the true cost of gasoline

A

because of large government subsidies and tax breaks to oil producers

27
Q

what is the main drawback to hydropower

A

disruption of aquatic ecosystems

28
Q

which is the largest way that we are altering the carbon cycle?

A

burning fossil fuels

29
Q

which of the following is the most significant threat posed by climate change according to the IPCC report

A

the fast rate of change

30
Q

all of the following are ways to increase our fresh water supply,except for which one?

A

providing water filters to developing countries

31
Q

the main goals of a dam and reservoir include all of the following, except

A

clean the water

32
Q

most of the solar energy that the earth receives is concentrated at the equator . which pair of terms is responsible for distributing this energy around the globe

A

evaporation and condensation

33
Q

the oceans offer a virtually unlimited supply of water, yet desalination is not a common source of freshwater, even in many arid coastal areas. all of the following describe the main drawback of using desalination to produce more freshwater, except for which of the following?

A

it can lead to the depletion of the water table

34
Q

what is the factor that may limit the production of electivity from solar thermal power plants

A

water

35
Q

which of the following is not a problem with burning coal

A

supplies of coals are very limited

36
Q

which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is false

A

the greenhouse effect is a new theory the explains the warming of the atmosphere

37
Q

which of the following statements about resources is false

A

they are the portion of a reserve that is presently extracted economically

38
Q

scientists expect human-enhanced global warming to do all of the following except:

A

lower sea levels

39
Q

although these are all common in our atmosphere, which one is not a greenhouse gas?

A

nitrogen

40
Q

which of these is responsible for most of your per capita water footprint

A

virtual water

41
Q

the term pollution refers to

A

an unwanted change in the environment caused by the introduction of harmful chemicals

42
Q

which of the following is a type of pollution that characterises urban areas with frequent, strong sunshine?

A

photochemical smog

43
Q

in an integrated waste management approach to solid waste, which of the following would be given last priority

A

bury

44
Q

why are secure hazardous waste landfills not commonly used

A

they are very expensive to build and maintain

45
Q

toxic chemicals in e-waste are polluting the environment and endangering human health. Which of these options is the best long-term solution to this problem?

A

require manufacturers not to use hazardous and toxic chemicals

46
Q

which of the following is not a common component of municipal solid waste

A

sludge

47
Q

if an integrated waste management (IWM) approach was implemented, which of the following would be the appropriate disposal place for banana peels?

A

garden

48
Q

what is eutrophication

A

physical, chemical and biological changes in an environment when there is an excessive release of nutrients in the water

49
Q

which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why soil is one of our most important environmental resources

A

soil is sterile and thus prevents the accumulation of harmful bacteria

50
Q

forests provide us with many important ecosystem services including all of the following except for:

A

increase stream water runoff

51
Q

farms can be considered a type of ecosystem as many of the processes which occur in a natural ecosystem also occur in farms. Farm ecosystems differ from natural ecosystems in many ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences

A

farms do not include any plants pollinated by insects

52
Q

which of the following would cause a population to overshoot its carrying capacity

A

a reproductive time lag between birth and death rates

53
Q

four of the following are reasons protecting marine biodiversity is difficult; one iS NOT

A

there is no understanding of what needs to be done

54
Q

why did catch rate of fish increase significantly in the 1960s

A

new technology increased our ability to detect and catch fish

55
Q

in the process of ecological succession, facilitation occurs when

A

early-successional species help the establishment of later species `

56
Q

which of the following soil horizons is considered topsoil

A

A

57
Q

which of the following is not a consequence of overfishing

A

increased income for local fishing communities

ENVS (1 decks)

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