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140 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

How many lobes are in the lungs?

A

5

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2
Q

What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems for air and food?

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

What leaf-shaped structure closes during swallowing to prevent foods and foreign objects from entering the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

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4
Q

What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords?

A

Larynx

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5
Q

What is the most common location for an airway obstruction?

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

wWhat is the name of the hollow, semi flexible tube that carries inhaled air front the larynx to the lungs?

A

Trachea

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7
Q

What happens to your diaphragm durning inhalation?

A

Contracts

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8
Q

Where is Sellick’s maneuver applied?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

What is the name of the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity front the abdominal cavity?

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

What is directly posterior to the nose?

A

Nasopharynx

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11
Q

What are the small sacs in the lungs that are responsible for gas exchange?

A

alveoli

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12
Q

What area is directly posterior to the mouth?

A

Oropharynx

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13
Q

What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split ?

A

Carina

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14
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

A

12-20

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15
Q

What ring shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

A 33 year old male is lying spine on the floor after falling off a ladder. He has an obvious head injury and bleeding. What should you do ?

A

Assess his level of consciousness

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17
Q

A 35 year old female’s husband meets you t their front door for an ‘unknown emergency”. He tells you that his wife is depressed, and she has locked herself in the bedroom where is keeps his handgun. What should you do ?

A

Move to a safe place and request law enforcement

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18
Q

What should you do to determine if your patient is breathing?

A

Put your eat to his mouth

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19
Q

In which position should you hold the patient while applying manual stabilization?

A

Neutral position

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20
Q

A 78 year old male is unresponsive and lying supine on his bed. What should you do?

A

Assess him for respiratory efforts

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21
Q

During your primary assessment you palpate the chest and note crepitus to the left lateral ribs. What should you do?

A

Listen to lung sounds

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22
Q

A 38 year old female was in a car crash and is unresponsive. Her head is slumped forward against the steering wheel and she has snoring respiration. What should you do?

A

Open her airway

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23
Q

An 18 year old male has a deep laceration to his wrist that is squirting bright red blood. What should you do ?

A

Place a gloved hand over the wound

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24
Q

What should you do after completing the scene size-up and primary survey for a trauma patient?

A

Reconsider the mechanism of injury

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25
Q

A 39 year old female is lying supine in her yard next to a 25 foot ladder. She has an obvious leg fracture. What should you do ?

A

Manually stabilize the c-spine

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26
Q

A car is flipped over on to its roof, and 2 people are trapped inside the car. They are suspended upside down because they were strapped in with seat belts. Several different fluids are leaking front the vehicle . What should you do ?

A

Ensure scene safety

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27
Q

A 20 year old male has a strong odor of alcohol on his breathe. He is cutting his arm with a knife and the bleeding is severe. You should?

A

Call law enforcement

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28
Q

You are the first to arrive at the scene of a multiple vehicle collision. What should you do?

A

Perform a scene size up

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29
Q

You have approached your patient and formed a general impression. What should you do?

A

Assess the level of consciousness

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30
Q

A 14 year old male is lying supine at a high school football game. He is unresponsive, cyanotic, and has snoring respirations. What should you do ?

A

Open the airway with a manual maneuver

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31
Q

What is the intention of the primary survey?

A

Find and treat life threats

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32
Q

Which mental status is the most life-threatening ?

A

Unresponsive

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33
Q

How should a properly sized cervical collar fit?

A

The collar rests on the clavicles

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34
Q

An unresponsive 43 year old male was hit by a car and is lying supine in the street. You can hear loud snoring respirations. What should you suspect?

A

Airway obstructions

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35
Q

A 64 year old male is not breathing. What should you do after initiating ventilations with a bag valve mask?

A

Look for the rise and fall of his chest

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36
Q

A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with superheated steam. He has burns to his face, neck and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/ 66, P124, R28 shallow and labored. What should you do ?

A

Assist his ventilations

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37
Q

A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds revel bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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38
Q

What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult?

A

350 mL

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39
Q

What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult?

A

12-20

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40
Q

A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you assess her. What should you do ?

A

Begin chest compressions

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41
Q

How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway?

A

Face the bevel towards the septum

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42
Q

An 18 year old male is cyanotic and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. Vital signs are BP 110/66, P88, R22. What is the most likely cause?

A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

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43
Q

What is the term for high pitches whistling sounds heard during expiration?

A

Wheezing

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44
Q

What are the structures that branch off the trachea into the lower airway?

A

Bronchi

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45
Q

A 75 year old female complains of a sudden onset of right - sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from a recent hip surgery. What should you suspect?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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46
Q

A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse and breathing 8 times a unite. What should you suspect?

A

Respiratory failure

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47
Q

A 77 year old female has dyspnea, speaks in short words bursts, and breathes with pursed lips. Lung sounds are diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are BP 152/ 86 and irregular, R 23. What should you suspect?

A

Emphysema

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48
Q

An 82 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. Before you assist her with her prescribed inhaler, who will you need permission from?

A

online medical control

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49
Q

The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what ape of breathing?

A

labored

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50
Q

What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result form an obstructed airway?

A

Stridor

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51
Q

An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She can only speak in 2 to 3 word sentences. What should you do ?

A

Administer high- flow oxygen

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52
Q

A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. He has been coughing up “rusty” septum for the last 3 days . What is the most likely cause?

A

Pneumonia

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53
Q

An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool , pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. Which device should you use to administer oxygen ?

A

Bag- valve mask

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54
Q

A 45 year old female complains of weakness, shortness of breathe, back pain and pressure in her chest. What should you suspect?

A

Myocardial infarction

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55
Q

A 56 year old male complains of epigastric pain that started an hour ago. He is diaphoretic and the pain is radiating into his left arm. What should you suspect?

A

Myocardial infarction

56
Q

The following patients are refusing your care. Which is at the highest risk of a negative outcome?

A

A 75 year old male taking Coumadin who fell on the sidewalk

57
Q

What is the term for a pulse rate about 100?

A

Tachycardia

58
Q

A 61 year old male with chest pain took one dose of nitroglycerin prior to your arrival. He has experienced no relief. Vital signs are BP 88/44, R22. What should you do ?

A

Assist with the administration of aspirin

59
Q

An unresponsive 72 year old female is pale with peripheral cyanosis. She has a pulse of 20 beats per minute. What should you do.

A

Transport rapidly

60
Q

What respiratory condition can be directly caused by congestive heart failure?

A

Pulmonary edema

61
Q

A 55 year old female’s skin is cool, clammy, and ashen. Her level of consciousness begins to decrease, and you no longer palpate a radial pulse. What should you do ?

A

Assess the carotid pulse

62
Q

Where does the heart receive its nutrition from the blood passing through?

A

coronary artery

63
Q

A 57 year old male with chest pain new assistance taking his medication. What should you do ?

A

Assess his vital signs

64
Q

A 42 year old male is unresponsive. He was found behind a restaurant and bystanders are unsure how long he has been there. What should you do?

A

Check for carotid pulse

65
Q

A diaphoretic 65 year old male is experiencing a sudden onset of left law pain. Vital signs are BP 118/80 , P 70 , R 18. What should you suspect?

A

Acute coronary syndrome

66
Q

Which of the following signs is most indicative of hypo perfusion?

A

Altered mental status

67
Q

When assessing an extremely hypothermic patient what should you do?

A

expect the pulse check will take more time than normal

68
Q

A 48 year old male suddenly becomes confused after taking nitroglycerin. He is sitting upright but is unable to follow your direction. What should you do ?

A

Place him in a supine position

69
Q

An AED delivers a “no shock indicated” message for a patient with no palpable carotid pulse. What should you suspect?

A

Pulseless electrical activity

70
Q

A 66 year old female complains of severe shortness of breath that started during the night. She denies chest pain. Vital signs are BP 180/ 92, P110 and irregular, R 24 with crackles. What is the most likely cause?

A

Congestive heart failure

71
Q

Which of the following would suggest a syncopal episode?

A

Brief period of unconsciousness

72
Q

A 42 year old female has a pulse and is breathing adequately after a single sock from the AED. Which position should you place her in?

A

Recovery position

73
Q

A 92 year old male complains of a headache, difficulty breathing, slurred speech, and loss of grip on his left hand. What should you suspect?

A

Stroke

74
Q

What artery supplies the heart muscle with blood?

A

Coronary

75
Q

What is the chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the lungs?

A

Right ventricle

76
Q

What chamber of the heart receives blood from the venue cave?

A

Right Atrium

77
Q

What element of the blood is affected by sickle cell anemia?

A

Erythrocytes

78
Q

What chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

A

Left ventricle

79
Q

What is hypo perfusion?

A

inadequacy of cellular gas exchange

80
Q

Which artery is located in the neck?

A

Carotid

81
Q

When checking a patients pulse during CPR, which artery should you palpate?

A

Carotid

82
Q

What pressure is created when the heart contracts and forces blood into the arteries>

A

systolic

83
Q

What is the name for the chambers of the heart that contracts simultaneously to pump blood out of the heart?

A

Ventricles

84
Q

What is the term for adequate circulation of blood through the body’s tissue?

A

perfusion

85
Q

What chamber of the heart is the most muscular?

A

Left ventricle

86
Q

What component of the blood helps the body resist infection by killing germs and producing antibodies?

A

white blood cells

87
Q

What are the 2 upper chambers of the heart?

A

atria

88
Q

A 44 year old male has a partial airway obstruction. He is. leaning forward and drooling. What should you do?

A

Preform an abdominal thrust

89
Q

Where is the radial pulse?

A

Wrist

90
Q

A 61 year old female is in respiratory arrest with a bradycardia heart rate. What should you do?

A

Assist her ventilations

91
Q

A 4 year old male is choking on a piece of food. He stridor and is drooling. What should you do?

A

Perform abdominal thrusts

92
Q

A 48 year old male is in cardia arrest. An ALS crew has intubated him with an endotracheal tube. What is the ratio of ventilations to compressions?

A

continuous compressions with 8 breaths per minute

93
Q

A 78 year old male is unresponsive and lying supine on his bed. What should you do?

A

Assess him for respiratory efforts

94
Q

Where should you place your palms when you perform chest compressions?

A

Middle section of the sternum

95
Q

A 6 month old female is unresponsive and she has a pulse of 40. What should you do?

A

start chest compressions

96
Q

A 56 year old male is having a stroke, what is the most important question to ask his family members before making a transportation decision?

A

what time did the patient last appear normal

97
Q

What condition has stroke like symptoms and resolves within 24 hours?

A

Transient ischemic attack

98
Q

What is the correct compression to breath ratio for a pulseless patient with an unsecured airway?

A

30:2

99
Q

While transporting a 90 year old female on hospice care to her doctors office she becomes apnea and pulseless. What should you do?

A

Begin cpr

100
Q

Where is the carotid pulse located?

A

neck

101
Q

A 44 year old female is unresponsive and has atonal respiration. What should you do?

A

Assess the radial and carotid pulse

102
Q

A 54 year old female was in cardiac arrest. After two shocks with an AED, she is currently breathing adequately and has strong carotid pulse. Vital signs are BP 88/40 , P 90, R 18 , SpO2 66% on room air. What should you do?

A

Apply high flow oxygen by non rebreather mask

103
Q

A 12 year old female is pulseless and apnea immediately after being removed from a frozen lake. She was submerged under water for 15 minutes. What should you do?

A

Start chest compressions

104
Q

A 62 year old female complains of chest pain. While assessing her she suddenly goes pulseless and apnea. What should you do?

A

Start compressions

105
Q

How long will it take for irreversible brain damage to occur if the brain is not receiving adequate blood flow?

A

4-6 minutes

106
Q

What should you do after attaching the AED and administering the 1st shock to a patient in cardiac arrest?

A

Begin chest compressions

107
Q

During cleanup operations after a house fire, a firefighter complains of a headache, dizziness and sight difficulty breathing, he reports not having worn his breathing apparatus for the past 30 minutes what should you suspect?

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

108
Q

A 14 year old male is shouting obscenities and not following your directions. His friends tell you “he had a few beers.” Vital signs are BP 118/66, P 100, R24, GCS 14, SpO2 94% on room air. What should you do?

A

Transport him on his side

109
Q

A 49 year old male complains of severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain and nausea. He has jaundice and is febrile. Vital signs are BP 89/60 , P92, R16. What should you suspect?

A

Hepatitis

110
Q

A 43 year old female was bitten by a rattlesnake on her lower leg. You see swelling and redness at the injection site. She feels cool, pale and clammy. What should you do?

A

Splint her leg

111
Q

An 83 year old female is diaphoretic and has an altered mental status. Her caregiver states, “she is more out of it than norma, she slapped me “what should you suspect?

A

Hypoglycemia

112
Q

A 19 year old male was stung by a bee and the stinger is still embedded in his skin. He is allergic to bees. Vital signs are bp 124/76, P 92, r 18, sPo2 98% what should you do?

A

Remover the stinger by scraping the skin with a card

113
Q

A 20 year old male is agitated and complains of nausea he tells you “I feel like my heart is going to jump out of my chest. “ vital signs are BP 142/90, P 140, R 24 and warm moist skin. Which drug should you suspect?

A

Amphetamines

114
Q

A febrile 24 year old male complains of sharp abdominal pain. He states that he pain worsened when you lift your hands from his abdomen after palpation. How should you transport him ?

A

in the fetal position

115
Q

A 41 year old male begins to shake violently while you administer oral glucose to him. What should you do ?

A

abandon glucose administration

116
Q

An unresponsive 19 year old female has overdosed on an unknown medication. She has pinpoint pupils and cool skin. Vital signs are Bp 84/50 , P 72, R 8, SPO2, 82% What class of medication should you suspect?

A

narcotic

117
Q

A 40 year old male with a history of bipolar depression is hearing voices and throwing clothing. L aw enforcement is on scene. he has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. What should you do?

A

destain the patient and treat his injuries

118
Q

A confused 56 year old female is complaint of a headache and presents with pale diaphoretic skin. She has had diarrhea for 2 days. Vital signs are BP 80/40 , P 120 , R 16. What is the most likely cause?

A

dehydration

119
Q

A confused 62 year old diabetic man say she has not been feeling well for several days. Vitals signs are BP 140/90 P120 R34 and deep. what should you suspect?

A

hyperglycemia

120
Q

Dispatch sends you to a possible seizure. As you arrive, you are advised the seizure has stopped. which phase is the patient most likely in?

A

postictal

121
Q

A 15 year old female is sitting in a chair with left-sided facial droop and slurred speech. She has an acetone odor on her breath. what should you suspect?

A

hyperglycemia

122
Q

A 32 year old male is lying supine and responding to voice commands with unintelligible gurgling noises. His wife tells you he is an epileptic and had a seizure during which she was able to assist him to the ground. What should you do?

A

roll him onto his side and suction his airway

123
Q

An unresponsive 22 year old male was found outside on a hot and humid day. His skin is hot and moist what should you do?

A

move him to eh air conditioned ambulance

124
Q

A 10 year old male is allergic to peanuts. Shortly after sharing some food with his classmates, he began to complain that his throat felt “itchy”. his teacher tells you that she thinks his “face looks swollen” what should you do?

A

Help him self-administer his epinephrine auto injector

125
Q

an 18 year old female complains of pain in he lower right quadrant with rebound tenderness. What should you suspect?

A

appendicitis

126
Q

A 50 year old male complains of a sudden onset of abdominal pain and appears pale and weak. Vitals are BP 84/50, P110, and R22. What should you suspect?

A

gastrointestinal bleed

127
Q

A newborn is pink all over and has a pulse of 130. As you dry her off, she begins to cry vigorously and kick her legs. What is her APGAR score?

A

10

128
Q

A newborn has a weak cry and is curling his arms and legs. His extremities are blue and his body is pink. He has a pulse of 90 and week reparations. What is his APGAR score?

A

5

129
Q

A newborn has a pink torso, but his hands and feet are blue. He has a weak cry when stimulated and can straighten his legs. Vital signs are P 110 and R40 and irregular. what is his APGAR score?

A

6

130
Q

A baby girl was born 2 minutes ago. Her arms and torso are pink. She is wiggling around and has a strong cry. Vital signs are P 120, R 28. What is her APGAR score?

A

9

131
Q

what is a typical one minute APGAR score for a newborn?

A

8-10

132
Q

Beginning at which Apgar school should you start aggressive resuscitation efforts?

A

6

133
Q

A newborn has a blue torso with pale extremities. She grimaces in response to stimuli and has limited muscle movement. Vital signs are P 88, R30. What is her APGAR score?

A

4

134
Q

A newborn is pale and lump with a sunken abdomen. She has bradycardic pulse and shows little respiratory effort. What is her APGAR score

A

2

135
Q

A newborn is actively crying in response to your bulb syringe. His body is pink dn her is moving his extremities, which are blue. vital signs are P 110. what is his APGAR score ?

A

9

136
Q

A newborn has a pink torso and blue extremities. She is limp and does not respond to your attempts to stimulate her. She has a heart rate of 60 and is taking slow, gasping breaths. What is her APGAR score?

A

3

EMT final (1 decks)

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