14.0 Basal Ganglia Flashcards
What structures make up the striatal complex?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens
Olfactory tubercle
What is dystonia?
Body part gets stuck at the extreme end of an athetoid movement and must be straightened out.
Which disease was discussed as being hypokinetic?
Parkinsons
What disease is associated with an inability of patients to maintain their tongue in a protruded position?
Huntington’s
What disease is associated with cogwheel rigidity?
Parkinson’s
What is the cause of hemiballism?
Damage to the subthalamic nucleus on one side.
Which arteries supply the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule, and substantia nigra?
Caudate nucleus: Medial striate As
Putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule: Lenticulostriate As.
(Internal capsule gets some supply from the anterior choroidal as well)
Substantia nigra: Paramedian branches of the basilar A., and posterior choroidal A from the posterior cerebral A.
What are the major outputs of the basal ganglia?
Substantia nigra pars reticularis
Globus pallidus internus.
What are the symptoms of Huntington’s Chorea due to?
A degeneration of the striatum and cerebral cortex, resulting in decreased GABA.
Which thalamic nuclei do all basal ganglia loops besides the motor loop synapse into?
The ventral anterior and medial dorsal nuclei.
(Motor loop uses ventrolateral instead of medial dorsal)
What disease is associated with a pill rolling tremor and block turning?
Parkinson’s
What two structures make up the thalamic fasciculus?
The ansa lenticularis and the lenticular fasciculus.
Which disease is associated with visuoperceptive impairments, such as someone misinterpreting an open door as an impassible barrier?
Parkinson’s
Which nuclei of the thalamus are entered by fibers of the motor loop of the basal ganglia?
The ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei.
Other than ideopathic, what are the causes of Parkinsons?
Encephalitis
Head trauma (demetia pugilistica)
MPTP – drug
CO and Mn poisoning
Wilson disease (copper processing issue)
